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Graston Technique (GT) is a form of manual therapy that uses specialized stainless steel
instruments to help diagnose and treat soft tissue injuries and fascial restrictions. It is a
technique that is commonly utilized by physical therapists, chiropractors, and other
healthcare providers to treat conditions such as tendinitis, muscle strains, scar tissue, and
fascial adhesions. The primary objective of Graston treatment is to promote healing by
increasing blood flow to the affected area, breaking down scar tissue, and stimulating the
body’s natural healing processes.
What is Graston Technique?
The Graston Technique is based on the principles of instrument-assisted soft tissue
mobilization (IASTM), which involves using specialized tools to detect and treat soft tissue
abnormalities. The technique uses six stainless steel instruments of different shapes and sizes,
each designed to help identify areas of restriction or scar tissue in the muscles, tendons,
ligaments, and fascia. These tools are carefully applied to the affected area to mobilize tissue,
break down adhesions, and promote the healing process.
While Graston is often used in rehabilitation and physical therapy, it is also effective for
treating chronic and acute soft tissue conditions, including:
 Tendonitis (inflammation of a tendon)
 Muscle strains
 Scar tissue from surgery or injury
 Myofascial pain (pain caused by tight or injured muscle tissue)
 Chronic pain conditions related to soft tissues
 Ligament injuries
 Limited range of motion or stiffness
How Does Graston Technique Work?
Graston Technique works by applying controlled pressure and strokes to the affected area
using the specialized instruments. The instruments are designed to gently scrape or rub the
skin, stimulating the underlying tissue. This process helps in several ways:
1. Identification of Dysfunctional Tissue: The instruments are used to “scan” the body
for areas of scar tissue, adhesions, or fascial restrictions. These abnormal tissues are
often denser or thicker than normal tissue, so the instruments can detect these areas by
feel. Practitioners can locate problematic areas that may not be apparent through
manual palpation.
2. Breaking Down Scar Tissue and Adhesions: When an injury occurs, the body forms
scar tissue as part of the healing process. While this is necessary for initial healing,
scar tissue can be restrictive, limiting mobility and causing pain. Graston Technique
works by mechanically breaking down these adhesions and scar tissue, which
improves the tissue’s flexibility and function.
3. Increasing Blood Flow and Circulation: The controlled scraping motions help
stimulate the blood vessels beneath the skin, increasing blood flow to the area. This
influx of blood brings oxygen and nutrients that are vital for healing. Enhanced
circulation also facilitates the removal of metabolic waste products from the area,
aiding in the recovery process.
4. Activating the Healing Response: The stimulation from the tools triggers an
inflammatory response in the treated area. This “microtrauma” encourages the body’s
natural healing mechanisms to repair damaged tissues, promote collagen production,
and restore normal function to the affected muscles, tendons, or ligaments.
What to Expect During a Graston Treatment Session
A typical Graston treatment session lasts between 15 and 30 minutes, depending on the size
and severity of the treatment area. Here’s a breakdown of what to expect during a session:
1. Assessment: The therapist will begin by assessing the condition and range of motion
of the affected area. They may ask you questions about your pain, how it occurred,
and how it affects your daily activities.
2. Preparation: A lubricant, such as an oil or gel, is usually applied to the skin to allow
the instruments to glide smoothly over the tissue without causing excessive
discomfort. This also helps to reduce friction.
3. Treatment: The therapist will use the Graston instruments to perform scraping or
gliding motions over the affected area. They will work to identify and treat areas of
tension, scar tissue, or adhesions. The intensity of the treatment may vary based on
your pain tolerance and the severity of the injury. You may experience some
discomfort, but it should not be unbearable. The therapist will typically adjust
pressure based on your feedback.
4. Post-Treatment: After the session, it’s common to experience some mild bruising or
redness in the treated area, which is often referred to as “petechiae.” This is a normal
response to the treatment and typically subsides within a few days. The therapist may
provide guidance on stretches, strengthening exercises, or other self-care activities to
continue promoting healing.
Benefits of Graston Technique
Graston Technique offers several benefits, especially for individuals with chronic pain or soft
tissue injuries. Some of the primary advantages of Graston treatment include:
1. Pain Relief: By breaking down scar tissue and improving blood flow, Graston
Technique can reduce pain and discomfort associated with musculoskeletal injuries.
2. Improved Range of Motion: Scar tissue can cause stiffness and limit the range of
motion in affected joints and muscles. Graston helps release adhesions, making it
easier to move and stretch.
3. Accelerated Healing: The technique promotes faster recovery by stimulating the
body’s natural healing response and enhancing tissue regeneration. This is especially
beneficial for athletes or individuals recovering from surgery or injury.
4. Non-invasive Treatment: Graston is a non-surgical, drug-free treatment option for
soft tissue injuries. It provides a natural approach to healing without the need for
invasive procedures or medications.
5. Versatility: Graston is effective for a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions,
including tendonitis, muscle strains, ligament injuries, and even chronic conditions
such as fibromyalgia or plantar fasciitis.
6. Complementary to Other Therapies: Graston can be used in conjunction with other
physical therapy modalities, including stretching, strengthening exercises, ultrasound,
and electrical stimulation, to maximize the benefits of rehabilitation.
Side Effects and Considerations
While Graston Technique is generally considered safe, there are some considerations to be
aware of:
1. Discomfort and Bruising: Some patients may experience mild soreness or bruising
in the treated area, especially after their first few sessions. This is a normal response,
but it can be uncomfortable.
2. Not Suitable for Everyone: Graston may not be recommended for individuals with
certain health conditions, such as open wounds, infections, or blood clotting disorders.
It’s essential to discuss your medical history with your healthcare provider before
beginning treatment.
3. Multiple Sessions: Graston treatment typically requires multiple sessions to see
significant improvements. The frequency and duration of treatment will depend on the
nature of the injury and the individual’s response to therapy.
Conclusion
Graston Technique is a highly effective method for treating soft tissue injuries, scar tissue,
and chronic pain. By using specialized instruments to mobilize tissue, break down adhesions,
and promote circulation, Graston accelerates the healing process and helps improve mobility
and function. It is a versatile, non-invasive treatment that can complement other rehabilitation
therapies, making it a valuable option for those dealing with musculoskeletal injuries.
However, like any therapeutic technique, it should be used under the guidance of a trained
professional who can tailor the treatment to your specific needs and condition.