HTML5





HTML5

About the Tutorial
HTML5 is the latest and most enhanced version of HTML. Technically, HTML is not a
programming language, but rather a markup language. In this tutorial, we will discuss the
features of HTML5 and how to use it in practice.

Audience
This tutorial has been designed for beginners in HTML5 to make them understand the basic-
to-advanced concepts of the subject.

Prerequisites
Before starting this tutorial, you should have a basic understanding of HTML and its tags.

Disclaimer & Copyright
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HTML5
Execute HTML5 Online
For most of the examples given in this tutorial you will find Try it option, so just make use of
this option to execute your HTML5 programs at the spot and enjoy your learning.
Try following example using Try it option available at the top right corner of the below sample
code box −

HTML5 Document Structure Example

This page should be tried in safari, chrome or Mozila.

HTML5

Table of Contents
About the Tutorial ................................................................................................................................... 1
Audience ................................................................................................................................................. 1
Prerequisites ........................................................................................................................................... 1
Execute HTML5 Online ............................................................................................................................ 2
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 3
1. HTML5 − OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................ 9
Browser Support ..................................................................................................................................... 9
New Features .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Backward Compatibility ........................................................................................................................ 10
2. HTML5 − SYNTAX ............................................................................................................... 11
The DOCTYPE ........................................................................................................................................ 11
Character Encoding ............................................................................................................................... 11
The
2. HTML5 − SYNTAX


HTML5
HTML 5 removes extra information required and you can use simply following syntax −

The tag
So far you were writing as follows −

HTML 5 removes extra information required and you can simply use the following syntax −

HTML5 Elements
HTML5 elements are marked up using start tags and end tags. Tags are delimited using angle
brackets with the tag name in between.
The difference between start tags and end tags is that the latter includes a slash before the
tag name.
Following is the example of an HTML5 element −

...

HTML5 tag names are case insensitive and may be written in all uppercase or mixed case,
although the most common convention is to stick with lowercase.
Most of the elements contain some content like

...

contains a paragraph. Some
elements, however, are forbidden from containing any content at all and these are known as
void elements. For example, br, hr, link, meta, etc.
Here is a complete list of HTML5 Elements.
HTML5 Attributes
Elements may contain attributes that are used to set various properties of an element.
Some attributes are defined globally and can be used on any element, while others are defined
for specific elements only. All attributes have a name and a value and look like as shown
below in the example.
Following is the example of an HTML5 attribute which illustrates how to mark up a div element
with an attribute named class using a value of "example" −

Attributes may only be specified within start tags and must never be used in end tags.


HTML5
HTML5 attributes are case insensitive and may be written in all uppercase or mixed case,
although the most common convention is to stick with lowercase.
Here is a complete list of HTML5 Attributes.
HTML5 Document
The following tags have been introduced for better structure −
 section: This tag represents a generic document or application section. It can be used
together with h1-h6 to indicate the document structure.

 article: This tag represents an independent piece of content of a document, such as
a blog entry or newspaper article.

 aside: This tag represents a piece of content that is only slightly related to the rest of
the page.

 header: This tag represents the header of a section.


footer: This tag represents a footer for a section and can contain information about
the author, copyright information, et cetera.

 nav: This tag represents a section of the document intended for navigation.

 dialog: This tag can be used to mark up a conversation.


figure: This tag can be used to associate a caption together with some embedded
content, such as a graphic or video.
The markup for an HTML 5 document would look like the following −

...

HTML5

...

HTML5 Document Structure Example

This page should be tried in safari, chrome or Mozila.

Once article can have multiple sections

It will produce the following result –


HTML5




HTML5
As explained in the previous chapter, elements may contain attributes that are used to set
various properties of an element.
Some attributes are defined globally and can be used on any element, while others are defined
for specific elements only. All attributes have a name and a value and look like as shown
below in the example.
Following is the example of an HTML5 attributes which illustrates how to mark up a div
element with an attribute named class using a value of "example" −

Attributes may only be specified within start tags and must never be used in end tags.
HTML5 attributes are case insensitive and may be written in all uppercase or mixed case,
although the most common convention is to stick with lowercase.
Standard Attributes
The attributes listed below are supported by almost all the HTML 5 tags.
Attribute
Options
Function
accesskey
User Defined
Specifies a keyboard shortcut to access an
element.
align
right, left, center
Horizontally aligns tags
background
URL
Places an background image behind an element
bgcolor
numeric,
hexidecimal, RGB
values
Places a background color behind an element
class
User Defined
Classifies an element for use with Cascading
Style Sheets.
contenteditable true, false
Specifies if the user can edit the element's
content or not.
contextmenu
Menu id
Specifies the context menu for an element.
data-XXXX
User Defined
Custom attributes. Authors of a HTML document
can define their own attributes. Must start with
"data-".
draggable
true,false, auto
Specifies whether or not a user is allowed to drag
an element.
height
Numeric Value
Specifies the height of tables, images, or table
cells.
hidden
hidden
Specifies whether element should be visible or
not.
3. HTML5 − ATTRIBUTES


HTML5
id
User Defined
Names an element for use with Cascading Style
Sheets.
item
List of elements
Used to group elements.
itemprop
List of items
Used to group items.
spellcheck
true, false
Specifies if the element must have it's spelling or
grammar checked.
style
CSS Style sheet
Specifies an inline style for an element.
subject
User define id
Specifies the element's corresponding item.
tabindex
Tab number
Specifies the tab order of an element.
title
User Defined
"Pop-up" title for your elements.
valign
top, middle, bottom
Vertically aligns tags within an HTML element.
width
Numeric Value
Specifies the width of tables, images, or table
cells.

For a complete list of HTML5 Tags and related attributes, please check our reference to HTML5
Tags.
Custom Attributes
A new feature being introduced in HTML 5 is the addition of custom data attributes.
A custom data attribute starts with data- and would be named based on your requirement.
Here is a simple example –

The above code will be perfectly valid HTML5 with two custom attributes called data-
subject and data-level. You would be able to get the values of these attributes using
JavaScript APIs or CSS in similar way as you get for standard attributes.



HTML5
When users visit your website, they perform various activities such as clicking on text and
images and links, hover over defined elements, etc. These are examples of what JavaScript
calls events.
We can write our event handlers in Javascript or VBscript and you can specify these event
handlers as a value of event tag attribute. The HTML5 specification defines various event
attributes as listed below −
We can use the following set of attributes to trigger any javascript or vbscript code given
as value, when there is any event that takes place for any HTML5 element.
We would cover element-specific events while discussing those elements in detail in
subsequent chapters.
Attribute
Value
Description
offline
script Triggers when the document goes offline
onabort
script Triggers on an abort event
onafterprint
script Triggers after the document is printed
onbeforeonload
script Triggers before the document loads
onbeforeprint
script Triggers before the document is printed
onblur
script Triggers when the window loses focus
oncanplay
script
Triggers when media can start play, but might has to stop
for buffering
oncanplaythrough
script
Triggers when media can be played to the end, without
stopping for buffering
onchange
script Triggers when an element changes
onclick
script Triggers on a mouse click
oncontextmenu
script Triggers when a context menu is triggered
ondblclick
script Triggers on a mouse double-click
ondrag
script Triggers when an element is dragged
ondragend
script Triggers at the end of a drag operation
ondragenter
script
Triggers when an element has been dragged to a valid
drop target
ondragleave
script Triggers when an element leaves a valid drop target
ondragover
script
Triggers when an element is being dragged over a valid
drop target
ondragstart
script Triggers at the start of a drag operation
ondrop
script Triggers when dragged element is being dropped
ondurationchange
script Triggers when the length of the media is changed
onemptied
script
Triggers when a media resource element suddenly
becomes empty.
onended
script Triggers when media has reach the end
onerror
script Triggers when an error occur
onfocus
script Triggers when the window gets focus
onformchange
script Triggers when a form changes
4. HTML5 − EVENTS


HTML5
onforminput
script Triggers when a form gets user input
onhaschange
script Triggers when the document has change
oninput
script Triggers when an element gets user input
oninvalid
script Triggers when an element is invalid
onkeydown
script Triggers when a key is pressed
onkeypress
script Triggers when a key is pressed and released
onkeyup
script Triggers when a key is released
onload
script Triggers when the document loads
onloadeddata
script Triggers when media data is loaded
onloadedmetadata
script
Triggers when the duration and other media data of a
media element is loaded
onloadstart
script Triggers when the browser starts to load the media data
onmessage
script Triggers when the message is triggered
onmousedown
script Triggers when a mouse button is pressed
onmousemove
script Triggers when the mouse pointer moves
onmouseout
script Triggers when the mouse pointer moves out of an element
onmouseover
script Triggers when the mouse pointer moves over an element
onmouseup
script Triggers when a mouse button is released
onmousewheel
script Triggers when the mouse wheel is being rotated
onoffline
script Triggers when the document goes offline
onoine
script Triggers when the document comes online
ononline
script Triggers when the document comes online
onpagehide
script Triggers when the window is hidden
onpageshow
script Triggers when the window becomes visible
onpause
script Triggers when media data is paused
onplay
script Triggers when media data is going to start playing
onplaying
script Triggers when media data has start playing
onpopstate
script Triggers when the window's history changes
onprogress
script Triggers when the browser is fetching the media data
onratechange
script Triggers when the media data's playing rate has changed
onreadystatechange script Triggers when the ready-state changes
onredo
script Triggers when the document performs a redo
onresize
script Triggers when the window is resized
onscroll
script Triggers when an element's scrollbar is being scrolled
onseeked
script
Triggers when a media element's seeking attribute is no
longer true, and the seeking has ended
onseeking
script
Triggers when a media element's seeking attribute is true,
and the seeking has begun
onselect
script Triggers when an element is selected
onstalled
script Triggers when there is an error in fetching media data
onstorage
script Triggers when a document loads
onsubmit
script Triggers when a form is submitted
onsuspend
script
Triggers when the browser has been fetching media data,
but stopped before the entire media file was fetched
ontimeupdate
script Triggers when media changes its playing position
onundo
script Triggers when a document performs an undo
onunload
script Triggers when the user leaves the document
onvolumechange
script
Triggers when media changes the volume, also when
volume is set to "mute"


HTML5
onwaiting
script
Triggers when media has stopped playing, but is expected
to resume



HTML5
Web Forms 2.0 is an extension to the forms features found in HTML4. Form elements and
attributes in HTML5 provide a greater degree of semantic mark-up than HTML4 and free us
from a great deal of tedious scripting and styling that was required in HTML4.
The element in HTML4
HTML4 input elements use the type attribute to specify the data type.HTML4 provides
following types −
Type
Description
text
A free-form text field, nominally free of line breaks.
password A free-form text field for sensitive information, nominally free of line breaks.
checkbox A set of zero or more values from a predefined list.
radio
An enumerated value.
submit
A free form of button initiates form submission.
file
An arbitrary file with a MIME type and optionally a file name.
image
A coordinate, relative to a particular image's size, with the extra semantic that
it must be the last value selected and initiates form submission.
hidden
An arbitrary string that is not normally displayed to the user.
select
An enumerated value, much like the radio type.
textarea
A free-form text field, nominally with no line break restrictions.
button
A free form of button which can initiates any event related to button.

Following is the simple example of using labels, radio buttons, and submit buttons −
...

first name:





last name:





email:


5. HTML5 − WEB FORMS 2.0


HTML5



Male

Female

...
The element in HTML5
Apart from the above-mentioned attributes, HTML5 input elements introduced several new
values for the type attribute. These are listed below.
NOTE: Try all the following example using latest version of Opera browser.
Type
Description
datetime
A date and time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second, fractions of a
second) encoded according to ISO 8601 with the time zone set to UTC.
datetime-
local
A date and time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second, fractions of a
second) encoded according to ISO 8601, with no time zone information.
date
A date (year, month, day) encoded according to ISO 8601.
month
A date consisting of a year and a month encoded according to ISO 8601.
week
A date consisting of a year and a week number encoded according to ISO
8601.
time
A time (hour, minute, seconds, fractional seconds) encoded according to ISO
8601.
number
It accepts only numerical value. The step attribute specifies the precision,
defaulting to 1.
range
The range type is used for input fields that should contain a value from a
range of numbers.
email
It accepts only email value. This type is used for input fields that should
contain an e-mail address. If you try to submit a simple text, it forces to enter
only email address in email@example.com format.
url
It accepts only URL value. This type is used for input fields that should
contain a URL address. If you try to submit a simple text, it forces to enter
only URL address either in http://www.example.com format or in
http://example.com format.
HTML5 - datetime
A date and time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second, fractions of a second) encoded
according to ISO 8601 with the time zone set to UTC.
Example



HTML5

Date and Time :

Output





HTML5
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