FLORIDA CLASS E
DRIVER LICENSE
OFFICIAL HANDBOOK FOR 2015
Customer Service Center ................................................ 850/617-2000
DHSMV Official Website ........................................................ flhsmv.gov
Online Transactions (DHSMV Virtual Office) .................. GoRenew.com
Identification Requirements ....................................GatherGoGet.com
To Order a Crash Report .................................................. 850/617-3416
Neil Kirkman Building
2900 Apalachee Parkway
Tallahassee, Florida 32399
Our Mission

Providing Highway Safety and Security through Excellence in

Service, Education and Enforcement.
Our Vision

A Safer Florida
Our Values

We believe in:

Service by exceeding expectations;

Integrity by upholding the highest ethical standards;

Courtesy by treating everyone with dignity and respect;

Professionalism by inspiring confidence and trust;

Innovation by fostering creativity; and

Excellence in all we do!
©2015 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles.
All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be modified in any way
for distribution or publication without the express prior written permission
of the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles.
Cover Photo by Kim Seng, CaptainKimo.com.
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 101615 iii
INTRODUCTION
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook is produced by the Florida
Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV). This guide
has the information you need to prepare for the Florida Driver License Class E
knowledge and skills exams and to help you drive safely and lawfully.
Disclaimer
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook contains many condensed and
paraphrased points of Florida laws and provides safety advice not specifically
addressed in the laws. The handbook is not a legal authority and is not intended
for use in court. This handbook will not reflect any changes made by the Florida
Legislature after the last revision date (located at the bottom of this page).
Warning
Florida law prohibits using a false name, making a false statement, concealing
a material fact or otherwise using fraud in an application for a driver license or
identification card. The penalty can be up to five years in prison, a $5,000 fine, and
suspension of any existing driving privilege for at least one year.
In addition, it is illegal to permit or authorize an unlicensed person to drive a
motor vehicle. Doing so can result in a 60 day jail sentence and a $500 fine. If
the vehicle is involved in a crash resulting in bodily injury or death of any person,
the person who permitted the unlicensed person to drive shall have his/her license
suspended for one year.
Public Records
Florida law requires the DHSMV to collect certain personal information during
the licensing process. This information, which identifies licensed individuals, is
used for records management, driver improvement, financial responsibility, and law
enforcement purposes. If you do not provide the required information, you will not
receive a driver license or identification card.
Florida’s Public Records Law makes all records made or received by DHSMV in the
course of its official business available for inspection, unless specifically exempted
by law. Your personal information, including name, address, and driver license
number is exempt from public disclosure, but may be given to law enforcement
agencies and other entities permitted by law to get the information. Your medical
information, social security number, and emergency contact information are
available only as specifically authorized by law.
We strive to ensure the accuracy of the information we obtain during the licensing
process. If you discover any incorrect information, please call us at (850) 617-2000
or mail your request with your complete name, date of birth, driver license number,
information about the error, and any documentation to support your request to:
iv ©2015 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Chief of the Bureau of Records, 2900 Apalachee Parkway MS 89, Tallahassee, FL
32399-0575. Some information, such as reports of convictions we received from
a court, can only be corrected if we received notification from the court that the
report was in error.
IMPORTANT LAW CHANGES FOR 2015
§48.03, Florida Statutes: Adds civil traffic cases to the types of court cases for
which service of process may be made on a witness by US mail.
§119.0712, Florida Statutes: Customer e-mail addresses collected by the DHSMV
while conducting driver license and motor vehicle record transactions are exempt
from the state’s public records laws.
§316.614, Florida Statutes: Exempts a USPS rural letter carrier from safety belt
usage requirements while performing duties on a designated postal route.
§316.1964, Florida Statutes: Exempts a vehicle displaying a Disabled Veteran
“DV” license plate from paying parking fees charged by a county, municipality, or
any agency that provides timed parking spaces.
§316.212, Florida Statutes: Allows for the use of golf carts on a two-lane county
road located within the jurisdiction of a municipality which has designated the
road for use by golf carts.
§316.228, Florida Statutes: Requires 18 inch square, red flags on all loads that
extend beyond the sides of a vehicle or four feet or more beyond a vehicle’s rear.
§318.18, Florida Statutes: Increases the fine from $100 to $500 for a violation of
unlawfully displaying vehicles for sale, hire, or rental.
§320.02 & 322.08, Florida Statutes: Authorizes DHSMV to collect $1 or
more voluntary contributions for the Florida Breast Cancer Coalition Research
Foundation, Inc., through the vehicle registration, driver license and identification
card applications.
§322.051, 322.08, 322.14, Florida Statutes: Provides for DHSMV to accept
military identification cards to meet certain requirements for issuance of a driver
license or identification card.
§322.08, Florida Statutes: Requires DHSMV, and their authorized agents, to
provide each applicant for a motor vehicle registration or driver license the option
to register emergency contact information and the option to be contacted with
information about state and federal benefits available as a result of military service.
§320.0848, Florida Statutes: Allows disabled veterans to provide USDVA Form
letter 27-333 or its equivalent to renew or replace a disabled parking permit.
§627.041 & 627.728, Florida Statutes: Removes the four vehicle maximum to
allow vehicle owners to purchase, and insurers to issue, single policies that cover
any number of private passenger motor vehicles.
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 101615 v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contact Info ...................... Inside Front Cover

Introduction .............................................................. i

Public Records ......................................................... i

Law Changes for 2015 .............................................ii
PART 1: DRIVING IN FLORIDA ........................ 1
1. Preparing to Drive: Your Vehicle .............. 3

Getting Ready to Drive ...........................................3

Equipment Standards ...........................................3

Required Equipment ..............................................3

Equipment NOT Permitted ...................................4

Bumper Height Requirements .............................4

Keep Your Car in Good Condition .......................4

Anti-Lock Brake System ........................................5

Trailers, Towing, & Load ........................................5

Drawbar or Towing Connection ...........................5

Securing the Load ..................................................6

Projecting Load .......................................................6

Slow Moving Vehicle ..............................................6
2. Preparing to Drive: You—the Driver ......... 7

Physical Conditions ...............................................7

Drowsy Driving ........................................................7

Emotions ..................................................................7

Road Rage ................................................................8

Distracted Driving ...................................................8

Drinking & Driving ...................................................9

The Dangers of Drinking & Driving ......................9

Other Drugs and Driving ........................................9

Senior Drivers .......................................................10

Florida 511 Traffic Info .........................................10
3. Occupant Protection ............................ 11

Seat Belts & Child Restraints ..............................11

Leaving Children Unsupervised in Vehicles ....12
4. Traffic Controls .................................... 13

Pavement Markings ..............................................13

Edge Lines ..............................................................13

White Lane Lines ...................................................13

Yellow Lane Lines .................................................13

Turn Lanes..............................................................14

Reversible Lanes ...................................................14

Bicycle Lanes .........................................................14

White Stop Lines ...................................................14

Crosswalks .............................................................15

Other Markings ......................................................15

Traffic Signs ............................................................15

Traffic Sign Colors ................................................15

Traffic Sign Shapes ...............................................16

Regulatory Signs ...................................................16

Warning Signs ........................................................18

Informational Signs ..............................................21

Traffic Control Signals ..........................................21

Steady Signal Lights .............................................21

Flashing Signal Lights ..........................................22

Lane Signals...........................................................23

Ramp Signals .........................................................23

Pedestrian Signals ................................................23

Zones of Caution ..................................................24

School Zone Signs & Signals ..............................24

Railroad Crossing Signs & Signals .....................24

Drawbridge Signs & Signals ................................25

Construction/Maintenance Signs & Signals ....26
5. Driving Safely ...................................... 27

Speed Limits ..........................................................27

Braking Distance ...................................................28

Smooth Stops........................................................29

Making Turns .........................................................29

Three-Point Turn ..................................................30

Intersections ..........................................................30

Open Intersections ...............................................30

Right-of-Way ..........................................................30

Roundabouts .........................................................31

Driveways ...............................................................31

Traffic Lanes ...........................................................31

Safe Following Distances ....................................32

Following Distance for Trucks ............................33

Blind Spots .............................................................33

Passing ....................................................................33

Passing on the Right ............................................34

Where You Must Not Pass... .................................34

Being Passed .........................................................34

Limited Access Highways ....................................34

Entering & Leaving Interstate Highways...........35

Interstate Safety Reminders ...............................36

Parking ....................................................................36

Parking Lights .......................................................36

Straight-in Parking ................................................36

Parking on Hills .....................................................36
vi ©2015 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Table of Contents Continued

Where Parking is Not Allowed ............................37

Backing Up .............................................................37
6. Sharing the Road ................................. 39

Sharing the Road with Pedestrians ...................39

Rules for Motorists ................................................39

Rules for Pedestrians ...........................................39

Right-of-Way ..........................................................39

Pedestrian Safety Tips .........................................40

Sharing the Road with Bicycles .........................40

Rules for Motorists ................................................40

Rules for Bicyclists ................................................41

Bicyclist Safety Tips ..............................................41

Motorcycle Awareness .........................................42

Rules for Motorcycle/Moped ..............................42

Tips for Motorists ..................................................42

School Buses .........................................................43

School Crossings ..................................................43

Emergency Vehicles .............................................44

Funeral Processions .............................................44

Florida’s Move Over Law ......................................44

Public Transit .........................................................44

Commercial Vehicles ...........................................44

Rules for Motorists ................................................44

Passing Commercial Vehicles ............................45

Golf Carts ................................................................46

Low Speed Vehicles..............................................46
7. Special Driving Situations ..................... 47

Night Driving ..........................................................47

Low Visibility ..........................................................48

Rain .........................................................................48

Animals ...................................................................49

Following Law Enforcement Instructions ........49
8. Handling Emergencies .......................... 51

Defensive Driving ..................................................51

Avoiding Rear-end Collisions .............................51

Breakdowns ...........................................................52

Vehicle Approaching in Your Lane .....................52

Right Wheels Off Pavement ................................52

Overcorrection ......................................................52

Skidding..................................................................52

Emergency Braking ..............................................52

Brake Failure ..........................................................53

Wet Brakes .............................................................53

Jammed Gas Pedal ..............................................53

Tire Blowout ..........................................................53

Fire ...........................................................................53

Stalled on Railroad Tracks ..................................54

Submerged Vehicles ............................................54

Your Responsibilities After a Crash ....................54

Leaving the Scene.................................................55

“Hit & Run” Penalties ...........................................55

First Aid ...................................................................55
9. Your Driving Privilege ........................... 57

Insurance Laws .....................................................57

The No-Fault Law .................................................57

The Financial Responsibility Law ......................58

Vehicle Licensing ..................................................59

Applying for Title, Plates & Registration ...........60

Renewal ..................................................................60

Violations of the License Law .............................60

Time Restrictions for Minors ...............................61

Littering ..................................................................61

Road Damage ........................................................61

Driving Under the Influence (DUI) .....................61

Implied Consent Law ...........................................61

Penalties for DUI ...................................................62

Zero Tolerance ......................................................62

Traffic Crashes .......................................................63

Three Crashes in Three Years Law .....................63

Point System ..........................................................63

Mandatory Restriction for Minors ......................64

Losing the Privilege to Drive ...............................64

Administrative Hearings ......................................66
PART 2: THE FLORIDA DRIVER LICENSE ........ 67
10. Getting Your License or ID Card ............. 69

Who Needs a Florida License to Drive? ............69

Exceptions for the Florida Driver License.........69

Florida Driver License Classifications ...............70

Requirements for Class E License .....................70

Learner’s License ..................................................71

Reciprocity .............................................................71

Traffic Law & Substance Abuse Education ......71

Parent’s Consent for Minors ................................71

Physical & Mental Requirements .......................71
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 101615 vii
IMPORTANT INFO
FOR MINOR DRIVERS
Learners License Age 15–17
• Must always drive accompanied
by a licensed driver, age 21 or
older, who rides in the closest
seat to the right of the driver.
• Must only drive during daylight
hours during the first 3 months
after earning learner license. After
3 months, may drive until 10 pm.
• Must have at least 50 hours
driving experience prior to
getting Class E License, and 10
hours should be at night.
Licensed Driver Age 16
Must not drive between 11 pm to 6 am
unless driving to or from work OR
accompanied by a licensed driver
who is age 21 or older.
Licensed Driver Age 17
Must not drive between 1 am to 5 am
unless driving to or from work OR
accompanied by a licensed driver
who is age 21 or older.
Driving Record Points
Any driver under the age of 18
who accumulates 6 or more
points within a 12 month period
is automatically restricted for
one year to driving for “Business
Purposes ONLY.”
Remember...
Always carry your driver license
with you when driving, and always
have proof of vehicle registration
and insurance with you in the
vehicle you are driving.

Restriction Codes .................................................72

Identification Requirements ..............................73

Primary Identification ..........................................73

Proof of Social Security Number .......................75

Proof of Residential Address ..............................76

Identification Cards ..............................................77

ID Cards for Persons at/below Poverty Level ..77

License Renewal ...................................................77

Renewal Issuance Requirements ......................77

Renewal Options ..................................................78

Military Renewal by Mail or Online ....................78

License/ID Card Replacement ...........................79

Replacement Requirements...............................79

Change of Address ................................................79

Name Changes ......................................................80

Veterans ..................................................................80

Veteran Designation on License or ID Card .....80

Exempt Fees for 100% Disabled US Vets ..........80

Disabled Parking Permit ......................................80

Selective Service ...................................................81

Sexual Offenders & Sexual Predators ...............81

Career Offenders ...................................................81

Florida Organ & Tissue Donor Program ...........82

Voluntary Contributions ......................................82

Emergency Contact Information .......................82

Fees .........................................................................83
11. Driving School Providers ...................... 85

TLSAE Course Providers ......................................85

Third Party Driver License Exams ......................85

Advanced Driver Improvement Courses ..........85

Basic Driver Improvement Course ....................85

Licensed DUI Programs .......................................86

Mature Driver Insurance Courses.......................86
12. Driver License Testing .......................... 87

Testing Methods ....................................................87

License Examinations ..........................................87

Vision .......................................................................87

Class E Knowledge Exam ....................................88

Vehicle Inspection ................................................88

Driving Skills Exam ...............................................89
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE ............................ 91
flhsmv.gov online services ... Inside Back Cover
viii ©2015 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Congratulations! If you are reading this
handbook, you are most likely taking the first
step in joining the ranks of over 15 million
licensed drivers in Florida.
The Department of Highway Safety and Motor
Vehicles produces this Official Florida Driver
License Handbook to provide you with the
information you need to learn the rules of the
road, understand traffic controls, and drive
safely under various circumstances.
Operating a motor vehicle is one of the most dangerous activities you can
undertake and driver education can save your life. Review this handbook
thoroughly to ensure your safety and the safety of over 19 million
Floridians and close to 100 million tourists who travel our roads.
Driving a car is a tremendous responsibility that can unlock a world
of opportunity. On behalf of DHSMV, we welcome you to join us in
upholding our vision: A Safer Florida. Keep your eyes on the road, your
hands on the wheel, and your mind on driving.
Safe travels,
Terry L. Rhodes,
Executive Director
Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 101615 1

1. Preparing to Drive: Your Vehicle

2. Preparing to Drive: You—the Driver

3. Occupant Protection

4. Traffic Controls

5. Driving Safely

6. Sharing the Road

7. Special Driving Situations

8. Handling Emergencies

9. Your Driving Privilege
Part 1–Driving in Florida
2 ©2015 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
1
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 101615 3
Getting Ready to Drive
Before you start your engine:
• be sure vehicle is in park or neutral.
• adjust the seat so you can reach all controls.
• adjust all rear-view mirrors so that you can use them without having to
lean forward or backward.
• move anything that blocks your view of mirrors or roadway.
• lock all car doors.
• put on your seat belt and make sure all passengers do the same.
Equipment Standards
The equipment on your car must meet certain standards. You may be
stopped at any time by law enforcement for a vehicle inspection.
Required Equipment
Brakes
Two braking systems. Each must be able to stop the car
alone. The parking or emergency brake should be strong
enough to hold the car on any hill.
Low Beam Headlights
Show objects 150 feet ahead. Visible from 1,000 feet.
High Beam Headlights Show objects 450 feet ahead. Visible from 1,000 feet.
Taillights
Two red taillights. Visible from 1,000 feet.
Brake lights
Two red brake lights. Visible from 300 feet in the daytime.
License Plate Light
White light that makes the plate visible from 50 feet.
Directional Signals
Amber or white (front) or red (rear). Visible from 500 feet.
Horn
Heard from a distance of 200 feet.
Mirrors
At least one rear-view mirror with view 200 feet to the rear.
Windshield Wiper
In good working order to clear the driver’s view.
Windshields*
Must be safety glass and may not be covered or treated with
any material that makes the windshield reflective or non-
transparent. Must be free of any stickers not required by law.
Side & Rear Windows* May not be composed of, covered by, or treated with
any material which has a highly reflective or mirrored
appearance and reflects more than 25% of the light (side
windows) or more than 35% of the light (rear window).
Tires
Should have visible tread of at least 2/32 of an inch across
the base with no worn spots showing the ply.
PREPARING TO DRIVE: YOUR VEHICLE
*See FS §316.2953 and FS §316.2954 for details on window tint restrictions.
4 ©2015 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Equipment NOT Permitted
Red lights visible from front or blue lights. For emergency/law enforcement vehicles only.
A siren, bell, or whistle.
A very loud muffler (heard from more than 50 feet) or one that emits smoke.
Signs, posters, or stickers on the windshield or windows (except if required by law).
A television that the driver can see.
More than two spotlights, cowl or fender lights, fog lights, or other extra lights.
Headsets/headphones worn by driver while operating a vehicle.
Bumper Height Requirements
Owners of automobiles and pickup
trucks are required to have both
front and rear bumpers mounted
within certain height levels. Height
limitations are governed by the
net shipping weight of the vehicle,
not the modified or altered weight.
The maximum allowable heights
between the pavement and bottom
of the front and rear bumper are:
Vehicle Weight
Front Rear
Cars < 2500 lbs.
22 in. 22 in.
Cars 2500–3499 lbs.
24 in. 26 in.
Cars ≥ 3500 lbs.
27 in. 29 in.
Trucks < 2000 lbs.
24 in. 26 in.
Trucks 2000–3000 lbs.
27 in. 29 in.
Trucks 3000–5000 lbs.
28 in. 30 in.
EMISSIONS CONTROL DEVICES
It is illegal to tamper with, remove, or cause not to
work any pollution control device on your vehicle.
Tampering will damage your vehicle and can
cause increased air pollution, lower gas mileage,
less vehicle efficiency, breathing difficulties.
Keep Your Car in Good
Condition
Brakes: Check to see that the pedal
stays well above the floor when you
step on it. If the car pulls to one
side when you use the brakes or if
you hear any scraping or squealing
noises, your brakes may need to be
repaired.
Lights: Replace burned-out bulbs
and keep lenses clean.
Tires: Inspect often for proper
inflation/tire pressure, even tread
wear, and damage.
Windows and Windshields: Keep
the glass clean inside and out.
Rear window: If the rear
window is covered by or treated
with any material that makes it
nontransparent, the vehicle must be
equipped with side mirrors on both
sides that allow the driver a view to
the rear of at least 200 feet.
Read Your Vehicle Owner’s
Manual! It is an excellent resource
for information specific to your
vehicle, such as: what types of fluids
your car requires, what dashboard
warning lights mean, what your car
services intervals are, and more.

The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 101615 5
.................................................................................................PREPARING TO DRIVE: YOUR VEHICLE
Anti-Lock Brake System
Anti-lock brake system (ABS)
prevents skidding and allows drivers
to steer during an emergency
braking situation. ABS can help
improve vehicle stability, steering
ability, and stopping capability.
It is important to know if you have
ABS because it will affect the way
you should stop in an emergency
situation. With conventional
brakes, you pump the brakes in
order to stop in an emergency
situation where traction is lost and
the vehicle slides. However, drivers
with ABS need to press down hard
on the brake pedal, hold it, and
steer out of danger. In an emergency
situation, the ABS automatically
pumps the brakes at a faster rate
than the driver could. Removing
steady pressure from the brake
pedal or pumping the brakes will
disengage or “turn off” the ABS.
You can determine if the car has
ABS by looking for a lighted ABS
symbol on the dashboard right
after starting the engine, checking
the owner’s manual, or asking the
dealer.
Trailers, Towing, & Load
Equipment Requirements:
• Trailer, semitrailer or pole trailer
weighing 3,000 pounds or less:

◆ REAR—two reflectors, one at
each side.*

◆ A brake light if the trailer or
load blocks the brake lights on
the towing vehicle.
• Trailer or semitrailer weighing
more than 3,000 pounds:

◆ FRONT—two clearance
lamps, one at each side.

◆ EACH SIDE—two side
marker lamps, one at or near
the front and one at or near
the rear. Two reflectors, one at
or near the front and one at or
near the rear.

◆ REAR— two clearance lamps,
one at each side, and two
reflectors, one at or near the
front and one at or near the
rear.*

◆ Brakes that can be operated
by the driver in the towing
vehicle. They must be
designed and connected so
that they will automatically
stop the trailer if it breaks
away from the towing vehicle.
• Pole trailer weighing more than
3,000 pounds:

◆ EACH SIDE—one side
marker lamp and one
clearance lamp.

◆ REAR—two reflectors, one at
each side.*
*Every motor vehicle, trailer,
semitrailer, and pole trailer must
have two or more stop lamps (one
stop lamp is permitted on vehicles
built before January 1, 1972).
Drawbar or Towing Connection
The drawbar or towing connection
must:
• be strong enough to pull all
towed weight;
6 ©2015 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
• not be more than 15 feet long
unless you are towing poles,
pipes, machinery, or other
objects that cannot be easily
taken apart;
• have a white flag at least 12
inches square attached to it if it
is chain, rope, or cable.
Securing the Load
You must not drive or move any
loaded vehicle on the highway if the
load is not secure. The load must
not be able to drop, shift, leak, or
otherwise escape.
• You must use a close-fitting
cover when hauling loads which
could fall or blow onto the
roadway (e.g., dirt, sand, gravel).
• Every truck carrying logs or
pulpwood must use lock chains
to securely fasten the load.
Projecting Load
A load that extends beyond the sides
of a vehicle more than four feet or
more beyond its rear must be clearly
marked. During the day, red flags
at least 18 inches square must mark
the extremities of the load.
From sunset to sunrise, and during
any rain, smoke, or fog:
• two red lamps on the back of
the load which can be seen from
at least 500 feet to the rear;
• two red reflectors on the rear
which can be seen from 100 to
600 feet when directly in front
of low beam headlights, and
located to show the load’s full
width;
• one red lamp on each side of the
load, visible from at least 500
feet to show maximum overhang
of load.
If the trailer or motor vehicle is
transporting logs, long pulpwood,
poles, or posts that extend more
than four feet beyond the rear of
the load, you must have one amber
strobe-type lamp equipped so that
the lamp is visible from the rear and
both sides of the projecting load.
The lamp must be operational and
seen any time of day or night.
Passenger vehicles must not be
driven on any highway with a load
extending beyond the fenders on the
left side of the vehicle or extending
more than 6 inches beyond the line
of the fenders on the right side.
Slow Moving Vehicle
Farm vehicles designed for
operation at speeds less
than 25 mph must display
this sign on the rear
when using public highways (not
limited access/interstates Also these
vehicles can only be operated during
daylight hours unless equipped with
the proper lights/reflectors required
for night driving.
2
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 101615 7
PREPARING TO DRIVE: YOU—THE DRIVER
Driving an automobile is a huge responsibility. In order to drive safely,
you must be fully engaged: hands on the wheel, eyes on the road, and your
mind on driving. Anything that affects your physical or mental condition
can impair your ability to drive.
Physical Conditions
It is important that you get regular vision, hearing, and general physical
check-ups. Get treatment for illnesses and avoid driving when sick.
Remember that whenever you are prescribed medication, you should ask
your doctor or pharmacist how it can affect your driving.
Drowsy Driving
Drowsy driving can be just as dangerous as drunk driving. Do not drive
when you are tired. It is risky to drive drowsy because fatigue (being sleepy)
can:
• slow down your thought processes and reaction time;
• affect your judgment and vision;
• impair your senses and abilities;
• cause micro-sleeping (“nodding off”) or falling completely asleep.
The two main causes of drowsy driving are lack of quality/quantity of sleep
and driving at times of the day when you would normally be sleeping.
Avoid driving drowsy!
1. Don’t drive at times when you would normally be asleep.
2. Get a good night’s sleep before you travel.
3. On long trips, take a break every 100 miles or 2 hours.
4. If you think you might fall asleep—find a safe place to stop and take a
nap.
5. Use the “buddy system” and switch drivers when needed.
Emotions
Emotions can have an effect on driving safely. You may not be able to drive
well if you are worried, excited, crying, angry, or depressed. Emotions can
distract you from your driving because your mind is “somewhere else.”
Your emotional state can alter the way you react—or overreact—to driving
situations. Take time to calm down and get focused before driving.
8 ©2015 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Road Rage
Road rage is violent or visibly angry
behavior by a driver which can
result in crashes or other incidents
on roadways. Signs of road rage
include:
• sudden acceleration or braking,
• following too closely,
• cutting off other drivers,
• preventing other vehicles from
merging into your lane,
• excessively hitting the horn or
flashing headlights,
• shouting obscenities or threats,
• making obscene hand gestures,
• intentionally causing a crash,
• getting out of a vehicle in an
attempt to start a confrontation,
• using a weapon or threatening
to use a weapon,
• throwing objects from the
vehicle.
If another driver is threatening you
or intentionally driving dangerously
around you, remain calm and try to
put as much distance between you
and them as possible. Slow down
and let them pass.† Do not make
eye contact; do not make obscene
gestures. If you need help, call *FHP
(*347) or 911.
Distracted Driving
Distracted driving is extremely
risky behavior that puts not only
you and your passengers in danger,
but also pedestrians and bicyclists
sharing the road. Focused attention
on driving helps to prevent crashes.
In 2014, nearly 3000 crashes were
caused by teen drivers who were not
paying attention. (Source: DHSMV.)
There are three main categories of
driver distraction:
CATEGORIES OF DISTRACTION
Visual
taking your eyes off the road
Manual
taking your hands off the
steering wheel
Cognitive thinking about anything
other than driving
Texting requires all three types of
distraction, making it one of the
most dangerous of distracted driving
behaviors.** However, this is not
the only cause of distracted driving.
Other common distractions include:
• talking on a cell phone;
• watching an object, person, or
event outside of the vehicle;
• reaching for an object;
• interacting with passengers;
• eating or drinking;
• unsecured pets;
• grooming;
• adjusting radio or climate
controls;
• lighting a cigarette;
• daydreaming.
**It is illegal in Florida to operate
a motor vehicle while texting.
In 2014, there were over 1600 citations
issued in Florida for texting and driving.
(Source: DHSMV.)
†Florida Law states that a driver must move out of the left lane when being
overtaken from behind by another vehicle traveling at a higher rate of speed.
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 101615 9
.......................................................................................... PREPARING TO DRIVE: YOU—THE DRIVER
Drinking & Driving
If you drink alcohol—even just one
drink—your chances of being in a
crash are much greater than if you
did not drink any alcohol. No one
can drink alcohol and drive safely,
even if you have been driving for
many years.
Because drinking alcohol and
driving is so dangerous, the
penalties are very tough. People
who drive after drinking risk heavy
fines, higher insurance rates, loss of
license, and even jail sentences. A
DUI conviction will remain on your
driving record for 75 years.
Drinking & Driving is Dangerous
Alcohol reduces all of the important
skills necessary to drive safely, such
as judgment, reaction, vision, and
concentration. Alcohol is absorbed
into the lining of the stomach
and then passes directly into the
bloodstream and reaches your brain
within minutes after consumption.
A person’s judgment is the first
thing affected after drinking an
alcoholic beverage.
Even one drink of alcohol can affect
your driving. Alcohol slows your
reflexes and reaction time, reduces
your ability to see clearly, and
makes you less alert. You will have
trouble judging distance, speed, and
movement of other vehicles. You
will also have trouble controlling
your vehicle.
Do Not Drink and Drive!
• Before drinking, designate a
sober driver.
• If you are the designated driver,
do not drink. One drink is one
too many.
• If you are impaired—and did
not designate a driver—take a
taxi, call a sober family member,
or use public transportation to
get home safely.
• Remember, friends don’t let
friends drive drunk. If you know
someone who is about to drive
impaired, take their keys and
help them get a safe ride home.
Other Drugs and Driving
Besides alcohol, there are many
other drugs both legal and illegal—
prescription, over-the-counter,
controlled substance, marijuana—
that can affect a person’s ability to
drive safely.
These drugs can have effects like
those of alcohol, or even worse.
Some drugs taken for headaches,
colds, and allergies can make you
too drowsy to drive. Energy pills
and diet pills can make you dizzy,
unable to concentrate, and affect
your vision. Other prescription
drugs can impair your reflexes,
judgment, vision, and alertness in
ways similar to alcohol.
Be sure to ask your doctor or
pharmacist about the effects your
prescription may have on driving.
Read the labels on over-the-counter
10 ©2015 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
medicines to determine if their side
effects can impair your driving.
Never drink alcohol while you
are taking medication. These can
multiply the effects of alcohol or
have additional effects of their own.
These effects not only reduce your
ability to be a safe driver but could
cause serious health problems—even
death.
Senior Drivers
As we age, physical changes require
us to adapt so that we can continue
to drive safely. Older drivers should:
• Get regular medical and eye
exams to identify physical and
mental conditions that may
affect driving.
• Ask the doctor or pharmacist
how medications—especially
when taken in combination
with other medications—affect
driving.
• Consult with a doctor about an
exercise program to maintain
the flexibility and strength
needed for safe driving.
• Make vehicle adjustments as
necessary. If it becomes difficult
to turn the steering wheel, get
a steering knob. If you have
difficulty turning your head to
check blind spots, get a larger
side mirror.
• Avoid wearing sunglasses in dim
or dark conditions.
• Avoid risky driving times:

◆ Dusk, dawn, and nighttime.

◆ Bad weather.

◆ Rush-hour traffic.

◆ Fast-paced highways.
Florida GrandDriver provides
information about various steps
drivers may take to maintain
independence as long as possible, as
well as actions one can take to stay
mobile in their community when
no longer driving. To learn more,
search for “Florida GrandDriver” on
the DHSMV website.
Florida 511 Traffic Info
Always be prepared! The Florida
511 Traveler Information System is
a toll-free service by the Florida
Department of Transportation
that provides real-time traffic
information on crashes, travel
times, congestion, lane closures,
severe weather, and construction on
Florida’s interstates, toll roads, and
other major metropolitan roadways.
There are four convenient ways for
motorists to receive traffic updates:*
• Call 511 (English and Spanish).
• Visit FL511.com.
• Get the free “Florida 511” app.
• Follow any of the 12 statewide,
regional, or roadway-specific
feeds on Twitter.
*Use these resources before driving—
or when pulled over in a safe place
such as a rest area—not while
operating a motor vehicle.
3
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 101615 11
OCCUPANT PROTECTION
Seat Belts & Child
Restraints
Seat belts save lives, but only if
worn correctly every time you are in
a motor vehicle! You are far more
likely to be killed in a crash if you
are not wearing a seat belt. In a
crash, your seat belt keeps you:
• from being ejected from the
vehicle;
• from being thrown against other
passengers, your steering wheel,
or windshield;
• behind the wheel, where you
can control the vehicle.
Wear both the lap belt and the
shoulder belt. Wear your lap belt
around your hips and wear your
shoulder belt across your chest.
Your seat belt will not work if it is
tucked behind you. Airbags are not
a substitute for seat belts!
Florida law requires that all drivers,
all front seat passengers, and all
passengers under the age of 18
wear seat belts.* Children under
age 4 must be in a safety seat, and
children ages 4 and 5 must be in
either a safety seat or a booster seat.
Drivers will be charged with a seat
belt violation if any passenger under
the age of 18 is not restrained with
a seat belt or child restraint device.
Passengers 18 years old or older will
be charged with the violation if they
fail to wear a seat belt when required
by law.
In 2014, over 26,000 teen drivers in
Florida received citations for seat belt
violations. (Source: DHSMV.)
Each passenger on a school bus
equipped with safety belts or
restraint systems shall wear a
properly adjusted and fastened
safety belt at all times while the bus
is in operation.
Florida law exempts the following
from the seat belt requirements:
• A person certified by a physician
as having a medical condition
that causes seat belt use to be
inappropriate or dangerous.
(Keep a copy of certification
while driving/being driven.)
• Employee of a newspaper home
delivery service while delivering
newspapers.
• School buses purchased new
prior to December 31, 2000.
• Buses used for transportation of
persons for compensation.
• Farm equipment.
• Trucks of a net weight of more
than 26,000 pounds.
• A seat belt (without booster
seat) may only be used for
children 4–5 years of age when
the driver is not a member of
the child’s immediate family and
the child is being transported as
a favor or in an emergency.
It is the parent or guardian’s
responsibility to supply the proper
*Some exemptions apply to cars manufactured prior to 1968 and trucks prior to 1972.
12 ©2015 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
child restraint when transporting a child in a vehicle for hire (e.g., taxi, bus,
limousine).
The best child seat is one that fits your child, fits your car, and that you
will use correctly every time. Read the car seat’s instruction manual and the
portion of your vehicle’s owner manual on car seat installation. In passenger
vehicles, children under 13 should be secured in the rear seat; airbags can
injure or kill young children in the front seat. Never place a rear-facing car
seat in front of an airbag.
Leaving Children Unsupervised in Motor Vehicles
Never leave a child unattended or unsupervised in a motor vehicle; it is
extremely dangerous and can result in the child’s injury or death! Florida
law states that a parent, legal guardian, or other person responsible for a
child younger than 6 years of age must not leave the child unattended or
unsupervised in a motor vehicle for a period in excess of 15 minutes or for
any period of time if the motor of the vehicle is running, the health of
the child is in danger, or the child appears to be in distress. A violation
of this law is a second degree misdemeanor and can result in a fine of up
to $500. Violations that cause great bodily harm, permanent disability, or
permanent disfigurement to a child are considered a third degree felony.
4
Edge Lines
Broken White Line
Solid White Line
Broken Yellow Line
Double White Lines
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 101615 13
TRAFFIC CONTROLS
Pavement Markings
Lines, symbols, and words are painted on roadways to
help direct drivers and control traffic flow. You must
know what the different lines, colors, and symbols mean
and obey them.
Unless you are turning, exiting a highway, or changing
lanes, always stay between the lines marking your lane.
Edge Lines
Solid lines along the side of the road mark the edge of
the pavement.
• Single solid white line. Marks the right edge of the
pavement.
• Single solid yellow line. Marks the left edge of the
pavement on divided highways and one-way streets.
White Lane Lines
White lane lines separate lanes of traffic moving in the
same direction.
• Single broken white line. You may cross this line
to change lanes when it is safe to do so.
• Single solid white line. You may travel in the
same direction on both sides of this line, but do
not cross the line unless you must do so to avoid a
hazard. Also used to discourage lane changes near
intersections.
• Double solid white lines. Crossing a double solid
line is not allowed.
Yellow Lane Lines
Yellow lane lines separate lanes of traffic moving in
opposite directions.
• Single broken yellow line. Stay to the right of the
line. You may temporarily cross this line when you
are passing a vehicle in front of you.
• Double solid yellow lines. Vehicles moving in
either direction must not cross these lines (unless
turning left when it is safe to do so).
Double Yellow Lines
Double Yellow Lines
(limited passing)
Turn Lanes
Center Turn Lane
Reversable Lane
Bike Lane
14 ©2015 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
• Double yellow lines–solid on right, broken on
left. Passing or crossing is not allowed in this lane
except when turning left.
• Double yellow lines–broken on right, solid on
left. Passing is permitted in this lane when safe to
do so.
Turn Lanes
Arrows are often used with white lane lines to show
which turn may be made from the lane.
• Lane is marked with a curved arrow and the word
“ONLY”: you must turn in the direction of the
arrow.
• Lane is marked with both a curved and straight
arrow: you may either turn or go straight.
• Two-way roadway with center lane: drivers from
either direction may use the center lane for left
turns; you must not use for passing.
Reversible Lanes
Some highways have reversible traffic lanes to help
handle rush-hour traffic. The direction of traffic is
normally reversed at set times each day. These lanes are
marked with special pavement markings, lane signals,
and signs.
Bicycle Lanes
Some roads have pavement markings that show lanes
specifically designated for the exclusive use of bicycles or
for shared use.
• Exclusive bike lane. Solid white lines separate these
bike lanes from motor vehicle travel lanes. Often
marked with bike lane signs/symbols.
• Shared-use lane. Marked with “sharrows.” These
markings alert motorists that bicyclists may use the
entire lane, indicate to bicyclists where to ride, and
discourage bicycling in the wrong direction.
White Stop Lines
Stop lines show where you must stop for a stop sign or
red light. You must stop your vehicle before any part of
it crosses the line before the crosswalk.
Sharrow
Stop Line & Crosswalk
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 101615 15
................................................................................................................................TRAFFIC CONTROLS
Crosswalks
Marked with solid white lines and sometimes filled
with white diagonal or perpendicular lines. Shows
where pedestrians should cross. Motorists must always
yield the right-of-way to pedestrians in crosswalk.
Other Markings
• Curbs are often marked yellow in no parking zones
near fire hydrants or intersections.
• Yellow or white diagonal stripes mark fixed
obstructions (medians, no parking zones, etc.).
• It is unlawful to park in or drive through areas that
have pavement markings indicating fire lanes or
safety zones.
Traffic Signs
Traffic Sign Colors
Red
Stop. Do not enter. Wrong way.
Orange
Construction and maintenance warning.
Yellow
General warning. Advisory of unexpected
roadway conditions.
Fluorescent
Yellow Green
High emphasis warning of school, pedestrian,
and bicycling activity.
White/Black
Regulatory.
Green
Guide, or directional information.
Blue
Motorist services guidance. It is also used to
identify parking spaces for disabled drivers.
Brown
Areas of public recreation, cultural, and
historical significance.
Right-of-way rules tells motorists, pedestrians, and bicyclists who
goes first and who must wait in different traffic situations. The law
says who must yield (give up) the right-of-way.
16 ©2015 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Octagon
Stop
Triangle
Yield
Diamond
Warn of existing or
possible hazards
Traffic Sign Shapes
Rectangle
(Horizontal)
Guide
Pennant
No passing zones
Crossbuck
Railroad crossing
Rectangle
(Vertical)
Regulatory
Pentagon
School advance/
school crossing
Round
Railroad
advance warning
Stop sign. You must bring your vehicle to a complete
halt at the stop line. If there is no stop line, stop before
entering the crosswalk. If there is no marked crosswalk,
stop before entering the intersection at a point near the
intersecting roadway where you have a clear view of
approaching traffic.
4-Way Stop. Traffic from all four directions must stop. The
first vehicle to reach the intersection should move forward
first. If two vehicles reach the intersection at the same
time, the driver on the left yields to the driver on the right.
Yield. You must slow down and give vehicles crossing your
path the right-of-way. If the way is clear, you may move
forward slowly without stopping.
Do Not Enter. On one-way streets and roadways that you
are not allowed to enter. You may see this sign if you enter
an expressway ramp in the wrong direction. Turn around!
Wrong Way. You are going the wrong way on an
expressway exit ramp. Do not drive past this sign! Turn
around immediately.
Regulatory Signs
Regulatory signs control traffic; they set limits or give commands and are
enforceable by law.
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 101615 17
................................................................................................................................TRAFFIC CONTROLS
No Passing. You are entering a no passing zone.
Pass with Care. You are allowed to pass, but do so with
caution.
NO symbol. Red circle with red slash. The sign
shows what you are not allowed to do.
No U-Turn. You cannot make a complete turn to go in
the opposite direction where this sign is displayed.
No Right Turn. You must not make a right turn at this
intersection.
Speed Limit. Your speed must not exceed the posted
speed in this area.
Speeding Fines Doubled. Posted in active school and
work zones. Your fines will be doubled if you are cited for
speeding in this area.
Must Turn. You cannot go straight ahead. You must turn
either to the right or left.
One Way. You may travel only in the direction of the
arrow.
Divided Highway Ahead. Stay to the right of the divider.
No Turn on Red. You may not turn right or left during
the red light. You must wait for the green signal.
Left Lane Must Turn. Traffic in left lane must turn left at
the intersection ahead (also Right Lane Must Turn).
Turn Lanes. At the intersection ahead, traffic in left lane
must turn left and traffic in adjoining lane may turn left or
continue straight ahead.
No Turns. You must not turn either to the right or to the
left at this intersection.
BEGIN
RIGHT TURN LANE
YIELD TO BIKES
18 ©2015 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Center Turn Lane. The center lane is shared for left turns
in both directions of travel.
Begin Right Turn. When entering a right turn lane you
may encounter bicyclists traveling straight; you must yield
to the bicyclists.
Exit Speed. This sign lists the maximum recommended
safe speed for an exit ramp on an expressway. Slow down
to the posted speed.
Slower Traffic Keep Right. Slower driving traffic must
stay in right hand lane unless passing. Slower traffic must
move out of left hand lane when being overtaken by a
faster vehicle.
Restricted Lane Ahead. A diamond-shaped marking
shows that a lane is reserved for certain purposes or certain
vehicles, such as buses or car-pool vehicles during rush
hour traffic. Also used in bike lanes.
Emergency Stopping Only. You must only stop for
emergencies.
No Parking on Pavement. If you stop, you must always
park off the pavement of the highway.
Parking by Disabled Permit Only. Parking in this space
is only for vehicles displaying an official disabled parking
permit and transporting a person with a disability.
Move Over. When approaching stopped emergency or
service vehicles with flashing lights, you must move over
or reduce speed to 20 mph below posted limit.
Reduction of Lanes. There will be fewer lanes ahead.
Right lane ends and traffic must merge left. Drivers in the
left lane should allow others to merge smoothly.
Divided Highway Ahead. The highway ahead is divided
by a median or physical barrier. Keep to the right.
Warning Signs
These signs give you advance notice of possible hazards. Drive with caution.
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 101615 19
................................................................................................................................TRAFFIC CONTROLS
Divided Highway Ends. The divided highway on which
you are traveling ends 350 to 500 feet ahead. You will then
be on a roadway with two-way traffic. Keep to the right.
Merging Traffic. You are coming to a point where another
traffic lane joins the one you are on. Watch for other traffic
and be ready to yield the right-of-way when necessary.
Pavement Ends. The paved surface ahead changes to a
gravel or earth road.
Low Clearance. Do not enter if your vehicle is taller than
the height listed on the sign.
Slippery Surface. In wet weather, drive slowly. Do not
speed up or brake quickly. Make turns at a very slow
speed.
Dip. There is a low place in the road. Go slowly and be
ready to stop and turn around if the dip is filled with
water.
Bicycle Crossing. A bike-way crosses the roadway ahead.
Watch for bicyclists.
Pedestrian Crossing. Watch for people crossing the street.
Slow down or stop to yield for pedestrians.
Animal Crossing. The animal pictured on the sign is
common in this area; watch for animals crossing the road
particularly during twilight and night-time hours.
Truck Crossing. Watch for trucks entering or crossing the
highway.
Narrow Bridge. The bridge is wide enough to
accommodate two lanes of traffic, but with very little
clearance. Stay in your lane
One Lane Bridge. The bridge is wide enough for only
one vehicle at a time. Make sure the bridge is clear of
oncoming traffic before you cross.
Soft Shoulder. The ground on the side of the road is soft.
Don’t leave the pavement except in an emergency.
20 ©2015 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Right Curve. The road will curve to the right. Slow your
speed and do not pass other vehicles.
Double Curve. The road will curve to the right, then to
the left. Slow your speed and do not pass other vehicles.
Winding Road. There are several curves ahead. Drive
slowly and carefully and do not pass other vehicles.
Cross Road. A road crosses the main highway ahead.
Look to the left and right for other traffic.
Side Road. Another road enters the highway from the
direction shown. Watch for traffic from that direction.
Sharp Right Turn. The road will make a sharp turn to the
right. Slow your speed and do not pass other vehicles.
Hill/Downgrade. The road goes downhill ahead. Slow
down and be ready to shift to lower gear to control speed.
Advisory Speed Sign. The highest safe speed you should
travel around the curve ahead is the one posted. Advisory
speed signs may be used with any warning sign.
Speed Reduction Sign. Advance notice to upcoming
speed limit change.
Yield Ahead. Yield sign ahead. Slow down and be
prepared to stop at yield sign or adjust speed to traffic.
Traffic Signal Ahead. Alerts you to traffic signals at the
intersection ahead. Slow down; poor visibility is likely.
Stop Sign Ahead. Slow down and be ready to stop at the
stop sign.
Two-Way Traffic Ahead. The one-way street or roadway
is about to change to two-way traffic; there will be
oncoming traffic.
Roundabout Circle. Provides advance notice of a
roundabout. Prepare to slow down and possibly yield.
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 101615 21
................................................................................................................................TRAFFIC CONTROLS
Informational Signs
Green Guide Signs give information about directions and
distances. East-West routes have even numbers and North-
South have odd numbers. Mile markers indicate your
location on an interstate and match with exit numbers.
Blue and White Service Signs direct you to services, such
as gas, food, motels, and hospitals.
Brown and White Signs point out scenic areas, parks, and
areas of cultural/historical significance.
The Florida Department of Transportation’s 511 Traffic
Information Service provides bilingual (English and
Spanish) real-time traffic information.
Traffic Control Signals
Traffic signals are placed at intersections to keep traffic
moving and to help prevent crashes. Drivers, pedestrians,
and bicycle riders must obey these signals except when an
officer is directing traffic. If traffic signal is out of order,
treat the light/intersection as a four-way stop sign.
Steady Signal Lights
Red Light
• Come to a complete stop at the stop line. Remain
stopped until light turns green.
• Don’t stop too far away from the stop line. Some
signals change only when a car is at the stop line.
• After stopping, you may turn right if there is not a
NO TURN ON RED sign and the way is clear.
• You may turn left from a one-way street onto a one-
way street that has traffic moving to the left.
• Before turning, you must yield the right-of-way to
pedestrians in the crosswalk and oncoming traffic.
• Running (driving through) the red light is against
the law and is extremely dangerous!
Yellow Light
• Warning—the light is changing to red.
• Stop if you can safely do so. It is extremely dangerous
to be in an intersection when the light turns red.
22 ©2015 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Green Light
• Go, but only if the intersection is clear.
• Yield to pedestrians in the crosswalk and vehicles still
in the intersection.
• Approach at a speed that will allow you to slow down
if the light changes.
Red Arrow
• Do not make the movement shown by the arrow until
the green light appears.
• After stopping, you may turn right if there is not a
NO TURN ON RED sign and the way is clear.
• You may turn left from a one-way street onto a one-
way street that has traffic moving to the left.
• You must yield the right-of-way to pedestrians in the
crosswalk and to oncoming traffic.
Yellow Arrow (steady)
• The green arrow is ending or the light is about to turn
red.
• Stop if you can safely do so.
Yellow Arrow (flashing)
• Left turns are allowed in the direction of the arrow.
• The oncoming traffic has a green light. Yield to
oncoming traffic and pedestrians.
Green Arrow
• You may make a turn in the direction of the arrow.
• If the red light is illuminated at the same time, you
must be in the proper lane for such a turn.
• You must yield the right-of-way to vehicles and
pedestrians in the intersection.
Flashing Signal Lights
Flashing Red Light. Used at dangerous intersections.
Treat it like a stop sign.
Flashing Yellow Light. Used at, or just before, dangerous
intersections. Also used to alert you to a warning sign such
as a school crossing or sharp curve. Proceed with caution.
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 101615 23
................................................................................................................................TRAFFIC CONTROLS
Lane Signals
Lane signals are used:
• when the direction of the flow of traffic changes during
the day.
• to show that a toll booth is open or closed.
• to show which lanes are opened or closed.
Red X. Never drive in a lane under the red X.
Yellow X. The lane signal is about to turn red.
Green Arrow. You may use this lane and you must also
obey all other signs and signals.
Ramp Signals
Ramp Signals:
• control the rate of vehicles entering an expressway.
• alternate between red and green; you must wait for the
green signal before entering the expressway.
Pedestrian Signals
Pedestrian signals show words or pictures to indicate when
it is safe—or not—to use the crosswalk.
WALK or “walking person.” You may begin to cross the
street.
DON’T WALK or “raised hand.” You may not begin
crossing. If you are already in the crosswalk when this
signal begins flashing, you should finish crossing the street.
Countdown Signal. Shows a countdown time period
based on walking speed and crossing distance. The
countdown starts at the beginning of the “DON’T
START” or flashing hand phase and ends with a zero and a
“DON’T WALK” or solid red hand.