1
Card Games

Canasta










2


Cribbage









9


Gin Rummy









13


Go Fish










16


Hearts










18


Pitch










20


Rummy 500









23


Spades










25




2
Card Games

Canasta
The name Canasta means “basket” in Spanish, which probably derived from the basket
holding the draw and discard piles; the discard pile is of paramount importance in this game.
Canasta was originally invented in Uruguay in the late 1940s, and soon became
popular in Argentina and the rest of Latin America. In the late 1940s/early 1950s,
Canasta reached the United States, where it became even more popular than Bridge
for a few years; it was probably the most popular card game at any one time. It has
since greatly declined in popularity, except for some holdout enthusiasts.
How did Canasta get so popular? It may have been because it has elements of Mah
Jongg, another enormously successful game, and as a partnership game, it is easier
to learn than Bridge. (Canasta can be played with two, three, or five people, but the
most popular version worldwide is the partnership game.)
Derivations of Canasta include Bolivia, Samba, Cuban Canasta and Bolivian Canasta.
How the Game Is Played
Canasta uses two regular decks of cards, including the jokers (two from each deck). Each
player is dealt eleven cards. Players across from each other are partners and play cards to a
common area, so each partner can take advantage of the other’s play. Canasta is usually
played over several hands; the first team to reach 5000 points wins.
Jokers and 2s are wild cards and can be used to represent other cards. Black and red 3s
have special properties.
Rules Summary
On your turn, you either draw a card from the draw pile or take the entire discard pile
(there are special rules for picking up the discard pile; see “Picking Up the Discard
Pile” later in this chapter). You can then play melds and canastas. At the end of your
turn, you must discard a card to the discard pile.
Either you or your partner must make an initial meld for your team. Once your team
has made its initial meld, both of you can play as many melds and canastas as you
want on your turns.
If your team has made at least one canasta, either you or your partner can go out if
you can play all the cards in your hand
Making Melds and Canastas
Teams score points by making melds and canastas.

3
A meld is three or more cards of the same rank such as 4-4-4, 6-6-6-6-6, or Q-Q-Q-Q-Q. Wild
cards (2s and jokers) can substitute for any card, if needed (the only exception is a meld of
black 3s, which can’t include any wild cards). For instance, you could have a meld of 8-8-2. A
meld must contain at least two natural cards, and cannot contain more than three wild cards.
Black 3s can only be melded as your very last play of a hand before going out.
A canasta is a meld which has seven or more cards of the same rank such as 8-8-8-
8-8-8-8. Your team must make at least one canasta to win a hand. A canasta can
contain up to three wild cards. If the canasta contains only natural cards, it is worth
more points.
Making the Initial Meld
The first play your team must make to the table is your initial meld. Either you or your
partner must play to the table, in one turn, one or more melds whose point value is
equal to or greater than the initial meld value.
Your game score at the end of a hand dictates how many points you need for the
initial meld in the next hand. At the beginning of a game, both teams always have an
initial meld requirement of 50.

Score
Meld Requirement
0-1495
50
1501-2995
90
3000 or
more
120
Negative
score
15


This system gives the losing team a better chance of a comeback, since they can
potentially play to the table earlier and “go out” earlier. A team with 1600 points must
make an initial meld of 90, while the second-place team, with a score of 1250 points,
only needs an initial meld of 50.
To figure out whether you can make an initial meld, add up the point values of any
cards that you meld:

Card
Point Value
4, 5, 6, 7, and black 3
5 points
8, 9, 10, J, Q, K
10 points

4
A and 2
20 points
Joker
50 points


Picking Up the Discard Pile
At the beginning of your turn, you can pick up the entire discard pile in certain situations. To
pick up the discard pile, you must be able to immediately use the upcard (the top card of the
pile) in a meld (either adding it to an existing meld or making a new meld with it using cards
already in your hand). You do not get to take the other cards in the pile until you use the
upcard in a meld.

Normally, you can pick up the discard pile if you can use the upcard in an existing
meld or in a new meld; to use the upcard in a new meld you must combine it with at
least two natural cards from your hand or with at least one natural card and one wild
card from your hand.
However, if someone has discarded a 2 or joker to the pile, the pile is considered
frozen. When the discard pile is frozen, you can only pick it up if you can use the
upcard in a meld using at least two natural cards in your hand.
A pile stays frozen until someone picks it up.
Important: Before your team has made your initial meld, the pile is not shown as
frozen, but you can only pick it up with two natural cards. You can never pick up a pile
if the top card is a joker, 2, or black 3.
Going Out
Your team is qualified to go out (ending the current hand) if you have at least one
canasta on the table. To go out, either you or your partner must play all of the cards in
your hand to the table. The last card in your hand can either be melded or discarded;
this is the only time in the game you are not required to discard at the end of your turn.
When you are ready to go out, you may, if you wish, ask your partner permission to go out.
This gives you a way to find out whether your partner wants you to go out, or whether your
partner still has a lot of points in his or her hand (that might be used to make canastas) and
wants to continue to play. Asking for permission is optional, but your partner’s answer is
binding; you can only go out on that turn if your partner gives you permission.
Note: It is possible to go out without previously having placed any melds on the table. This is
known as going out concealed and is worth extra points. You must be able to immediately
play all of the cards in your hand to the table, making your initial meld and at least one
canasta. You can discard one card to the discard pile if necessary. Going out concealed is
very difficult to do, because you don’t get any help from your partner.

5
How the Game Is Played
At the beginning of the game, one card is flipped to the discard pile. If that card is a 2, joker,
or red 3, another card is flipped on top of it and the pile is frozen. Before play begins, any red
3s in players’ hands are automatically played to the 3 pile on the board and replaced with new
cards.
On your turn, you either draw a card from the draw pile or pick up the discard pile. See
“Picking Up the Discard Pile” earlier in this chapter. If you pick up the discard pile, the top
card of the pile is automatically played to the appropriate card pile. If the pile was frozen, you
must then also play two natural cards to that pile; if you don’t, you won’t be able to take the
pile.
Next, meld cards to the table, if you want to. (The first play your team can make is the
initial meld.) You may be able to undo melds, if you need to; see the in-game help for
details. At the end of your turn, discard a card by dragging it to the discard pile. You
must always keep at least one card in your hand at the end of a turn, unless you are
going out.
Play proceeds with the player on your left. Continue playing until one team goes out or the
deck runs out. If you’re ready to go out, you can go out by laying down all your cards (one
card can be discarded, if desired.) If you wish, you can ask your partner for permission before
you go out. You can ask for permission after you draw cards but before you play them.
If a player draws the last card in the deck, special conditions apply. If the next player
cannot take the discard pile, the hand ends immediately. However, if that player can
play the top card of the discard pile to one of his or her team’s melds, the player must
take the discard pile and play that card. If the player can take the discard pile with a
card in his or her hand, he or she can choose to either take the pile or end the hand. In
any of these cases, the hand ends, and neither team gets points for going out.
Scoring
Each card you play to the table is worth a certain number of points. These points
count towards your initial meld requirement, and are scored at the end of the game.
(Note: Any red 3s on the table don’t count towards the initial meld points.)
Scoring occurs at the end of a hand, after one team has gone out, or if the deck runs out of
cards and someone ends the hand. The team that went out gets points for going out, and
each team scores points for all the cards they’ve melded to the table (including the cards in
canastas) and any bonus points (points for any red 3s and any mixed or natural canastas).
Then, any cards remaining in team members’ hands (including the partner of the person who
went out) are subtracted from each team’s score.
Card values
4, 5, 6, 7, and
black 3
5 points

6
8, 9, 10, J, Q, K
10 points
A and 2
20 points
Joker
50 points
Red 3*
100 points each


Other scoring
Mixed canasta
300 points each
Natural
canasta**
500 points each
Going out
100 points
Going out
concealed***
200 points
Going out
before the other
team has
melded:
varies, see below


The other team loses 100 points per red 3 owned by the team, or 800 points if the
team owns all four red 3s.
* A canasta made with all natural cards (no wild cards)** (800 if your team has all 4 red 3s)**
Going out without having made an initial meld on a previous turn.
Strategies
The main reason for making melds is to work with your partner to make canastas.
Canastas are worth a lot more points, so focus on making them instead of a number
of small melds.
Be careful not to meld too many cards. Having a small hand is a big disadvantage,
because you are less likely to be able to pick up the discard pile. However, if your
partner has already laid down a meld, it is usually a good idea to play any cards you
can to it, so that you can get closer to having a canasta. If you can make a canasta,
you should always do it.
Except when making the initial meld and taking the discard pile, avoid adding wild
cards to piles (unless you want to finish a canasta). Wild cards are stronger in your
hand, since they can be used to make canastas and freeze the pile.

7
If you have more than three cards you can meld, try just melding three of the cards,
holding the others back. This gives your partner a chance to play cards to that meld,
but leaves cards in your hand that can potentially pick up the discard pile. It also may
let you make a surprise canasta!
Keep track of the discarded cards. If the other team takes the pile, you will want to
remember what cards were in it so you can discard safely. Keeping track of discards
also gives you an indication which cards the other team are short of.
If you have no choice but to discard a card that lets the other team take the discard
pile, stick to low cards (4, 5, 6, 7) whenever possible, since these give the other team
less points, and leave more points in your hand for melds.
Strategies for Taking the Discard Pile
A key strategy to Canasta is getting the discard pile and preventing your opponents
from getting it, whenever possible. But consider how many cards are in the pile. It is
often not worth showing the other team what cards you want by taking a small pile
with four or less cards.
Black 3s are valuable discards, since they protect the discard pile. Hold on to them
until the discard pile is large or something you particularly want to defend.
When the discard pile is not frozen and is full of cards the other team wants, try making safe
discards, such as cards that your team already has a large meld of (since you know the other
team probably can’t meld them). Or discard cards you’ve already seen the other team
discard, or discards they have passed up before.
If the other team has more melds on the table, consider freezing the discard pile, so
that you can safely discard cards that your opponents have large melds of.
If the discard pile gets really big, restrain yourself from melding, so that you have more
chances to get the pile.
If you’re holding cards that the opponents can meld (and you can’t), try to discard
them when the discard pile is frozen, or when it is small.
Strategies for Going Out
If you’re in a weak position—the other team has melded most of the card ranks, so
there are no safe discards, for example—consider going out to minimize your losses.
Asking your partner to go out is sometimes a good way to find out whether your
partner can make more canastas. But don’t forget that your partner’s answer is
binding!
If you ask your partner to go out and your partner tells you no, play as many naturals
on your turn as possible, holding on to wild cards and at least one safe discard. This
gives your partner more opportunities to play cards and make canastas. Holding on to
the wild cards means that you are more likely to be able to go out next turn.

8
If your partner asks you to go out, and you say no (because you have cards left to
play), be sure to play as many wild cards as you can on your next turn, and any
natural cards that you can use to make canastas (or large melds which your partner
could potentially make into canastas). Be sure to keep one card that you can discard
safely on your next turn (so that the player to your left can’t go out before your
partner)!
If all other things are equal, and the other team has three red 3s and the fourth red 3
hasn’t been drawn, consider going out as soon as possible. If that team gets the last
red 3, they’ll get 500 more points! Likewise, if your team has three red 3s, and the
fourth red 3 hasn’t been drawn, consider postponing going out until you get that last
red 3.



Cribbage
Cribbage pops up in recorded literature early in the 17th century. Frederic Grunfeld in Games
of the World traced it to an English card game called Noddy. (No one knows how Noddy was
played, but in the 1600s, the word meant a “fumbling, inept person,” so the reader is welcome
to draw a conclusion from that.) Noddy was the only card game of that era that used a board
for scoring, and, as there are no other contestants for the title, we can say with some
assurance that this long-forgotten card game probably inspired Cribbage.
How the Game Is Played
Cribbage is a game for two to four players; since Hoyle Card Games uses the two-
player version, we’ll confine ourselves to that. The game uses the standard 52-card
pack. The cards in each suit rank from the king (the highest) down to the ace (the
lowest). In counting or numerical value, the king, queen, jack, and 10 each count for
10 (and so are called tenth cards), the ace counts as one, and the other cards are
face value.
The game operates on the principle of matching combinations of cards: pairs, three or more
of a kind, flushes, runs (sequences), and groups of cards that add up to 15. Players score
points for matching both during and after play (after play, points are totaled for combinations
in hand). The first person to score 121 points is the winner.
Cribbage also uses a “cribbage board,” a rectangular panel with rows of holes that
form a sort of track. At one end, or in the center, you’ll find three additional holes,
called game holes. Each player has two pegs, which are placed at the start in the
game holes. After each hand, the player advances a peg an appropriate number of
holes (one hole per point) away from the start (assuming that that player scored any
points). The player’s second score is recorded by placing the second peg an
appropriate distance ahead of the first. For each subsequent score, the peg in back

9
jumps over the peg in front. The distance between the two pegs always shows the
amount of the last score. This method holds math mistakes to a minimum.
Each player receives six cards, dealt one at a time. After looking over the hand, each
player lays away two cards face-down. The four cards laid away, placed in one pile,
form the crib. The crib, also called the kitty, counts for the dealer (the dealer always
has an advantage in this game). The non-dealer therefore tries to lay away balking
cards— cards that are least likely to create a score in the crib.
To begin play (called pegging), the dealer turns up the top card of the stock. This card is
called one for the starter. If this card is a jack, the dealer immediately pegs two (advances his
peg two spaces), traditionally called two for his heels.
The non-dealer begins the play by laying a card from his or her hand face-up on the table,
announcing its value. The dealer does the same (each player discards to his or her own pile).
Play continues in the same way, by alternate exposures of the cards, each player announcing
the new total count. The total may not be carried past 31. If a player adds a card that brings
the total exactly to 31, he or she pegs two. If a player is unable to play another card with - out
exceeding 31, he or she says “Go,” and the second player must play as many cards as
possible up to but not more than 31. The player who plays the last card under 31 scores a
point. The discard process begins again from zero.
After the hands have been emptied, the totals of any matches in the discards
(including the starter card) are counted and added to each player’s score. The non-
dealer scores first. The dealer then scores and also scores the crib. Any jack of the
same suit as the starter card scores one point (for nobs).
One game option is called Muggins, which means that if your opponent forgets to
claim any points, you’re allowed to yell “Muggins!” and claim the points for yourself.
(The knowledge of who or what a Muggins is has long been lost to us. The word is
also used in a form of Dominoes, though with a different meaning.)
These are the most usual point scores:
In Play
In Play
Total of 15
2
Pair
2
Three of a kind
6
Four of a kind
12
Run of three or more 1 per card
Turned-up jack
2
Go
1
Total of 31
2

10




In Hand
Total of 15
2
Pair
2
Three of a kind
6
Four of a kind
12
Run of three or more 1 per card
Flush (four cards)
4
Flush (five cards)
5
Nobs
1
Double Run of Three* 8
Double Run of Four*
10
Triple Run*
15
Quadruple Run*
16

*A Run is a sequence of cards such as 6-5-4. A Double Run of Three means one
duplication in a sequence of four: 6-6-5-4. A Double Run of Four is one duplication
in five cards: 7-6-6-5-4. A Triple Run is one triplication in a sequence of five: 8-7-6-
6-6. A Quadruple Run is two duplications in a sequence of five: 8-8-7-7-6.

Strategies
If you’re just beginning at Cribbage and you’re not sure what to discard, here’s a prescription
for improving your play—focus first on building your hand. Begin by looking for combinations
of 15. 5s are especially prized because a third of the deck is made up of cards with a value of
ten (10s and face cards), making lots of easy 15s. Any sequential cards are good (runs are
easy to get and score relatively well). Combinations of 7 and 8 are very powerful, because in
addition to scoring potential on runs, they also add up to 15. Pairs score easy points and are
often (not always) worth keeping.
After considering the hand you’d like to keep, turn your attention to the crib. If it’s your
crib (i.e., you dealt), see if you have two good cards that can’t be easily joined to the
rest of your hand. If you do, discard them.
If it’s your opponent’s crib, be cautious about giving away cards that could be easily
turned into big points. Avoid giving any 5s or any of the card combinations already
mentioned (15s, sequences, and pairs).

11

Advanced Strategies
Since the highest points are obtained when scoring the hands, it is easy to think that
pegging one or two points at a time during play is small potatoes. However, all other
things being equal, a good pegger will usually win at Cribbage. It’s a case of the
tortoise and the hare—slogging it out for the little points really adds up.

12
Gin Rummy

In 1950, the United States Playing Card Co. conducted a survey of American cardplayers and
discovered that the Rummy family of card games was our favorite family game. And why not?
As David Parlett wrote in The Penguin Book of Card Games, “Rummy is deservedly popular
because it is easy to learn, fast to play, suitable for all ages, playable by any number, and as
suitable for gamblers as for missionaries—though perhaps not both at once.” Gin Rummy is
the most sophisticated member of the oldest branch of the Rummy family tree—the one in
which the object is to be the first to “go out.”
How the Game Is Played
Gin Rummy is played by two people with the standard 52-card pack. The cards in each suit
rank from the king (the highest) down to the ace (the lowest). Each face card counts as 10,
each ace counts as one, and the other cards are their stated values.
Each player receives 10 cards in the deal. The first card always goes to the non-dealer. The
rest of the pack is placed faced-down; this is the stock. The top card of the stock is turned up
and placed beside the stock. This is the upcard.
The non-dealer begins play by taking the first upcard or refusing it; if the non-dealer
refuses the upcard, the option of taking it or refusing it passes to the dealer. If the
dealer also refuses, the non-dealer draws the top card of the stock.
From there, each player in turn draws a card, either the upcard or the top card of the
stock, and then discards one card (the new upcard) face up on the previous discards.
The object of all this taking and discarding is to form your hand into matched sets (three or
four cards of the same rank) or sequences (three or more cards in sequence in the same
suit).
After drawing, and before discarding, a player may knock if his or her unmatched
cards count 10 or less. The player who knocks lays down 10 cards, arranged in sets
and with the unmatched cards segregated, then discards the eleventh card. If all 10
cards are matched, the player’s count is zero, and he or she is said to go gin.
If neither player has knocked by the time the 50th card has been drawn (and a
following discard made), there is no score for either player for that particular deal.
The opponent of the player who knocked may lay off any of his or her unmatched
cards that fit on the knocker’s matched sets, thereby reducing his or her own count of
unmatched cards.
If the knocker has the lower count in unmatched cards, he or she wins the difference
between the two players’ counts. Should the opponent have an equal or lesser count,
the opponent is said to have undercut the knocker. The opponent then scores the
difference (if any) in the counts, plus a bonus of 25 points. The knocker cannot be

13
undercut if he or she has gone gin. A player who goes gin scores the opponent’s count
of unmatched cards, if any, plus a bonus of 25.

The first player to accumulate 100 points wins the game. A 100-point bonus is added
to the winner’s score. Then each player adds 25 points to his or her total score for
each hand won; this is called a box or line bonus. The winner wins the difference in
total scores. If the loser did not score a point, this difference is doubled. A game like
that is called a shutout or a schneider, and the loser has been skunked.
Strategies
Although gaining three sets almost always assures you a knock, the clock is ticking fast, and
the hand may end before you’re ready. The important thing is that you beat your opponent to
the punch, knock first and take the points derived from the other player’s deadwood. Make it
your overall goal to form two sets and retain a mix of lower cards (adding up to 10 or less).
This is the fastest means of knocking first. However, to get to this point, you should
understand the difference between the early and late phases of the game and the different
strategies required during each.
You have the option here of taking the 3 of spades. This may appear to be a good
choice as it gives you a combination pair, and it’s a low card (low cards are better
when counting deadwood). However, getting good combinations doesn’t help that
much because forming sets wins games of Gin Rummy. You should almost always
draw from the stock, unless you can form a set or extend an existing set by taking the
discard. In this case, you decide to draw, pulling an 8 of clubs.
The 8 of clubs doesn’t help your hand at all, and you discard it. In this situation, it’s
obvious that keeping your jacks, queens, and kings is better than hanging onto the 8,
because you have a pair of each. Even if you only had one king, you should probably
keep that over the 8. Discarded face cards are very common, and your chances of
matching a king via the discard pile are very high. For example, in this case your
opponent is not likely to have a pair of kings (since you have two) and will probably
discard a single king, so it doesn’t end up as deadwood in his or her hand.
Your opponent takes the 8 and, not unexpectedly, discards a face card—the jack of
diamonds.
You snap it up to form a set of three jacks. Now, your discard is more difficult. You
have four very low cards and may want to hang onto them. However, with your low
cards there is only one card that can complete a set, the 3 of clubs. Since it will be
much easier for you to form a set with higher cards, you throw away the 4 of clubs.
Your opponent discards the 10 of spades. This card wouldn’t form a set, so you ignore it. You
draw from the stock, taking up the 2 of diamonds.
Now that the game has progressed several turns, you decide the time is right to rid your hand
of kings and queens. Waiting up to six turns before getting rid of higher-ranking cards is
normally an acceptable strategy, but with the 2 of diamonds added to your hand, all your

14
lower ranking cards are forming combinations, so you don’t want to lose them. You dissolve
your pair of kings by discarding the king of diamonds.
Your opponent discards another jack, which you take into your hand, adding to your set. Your
discard this turn is more obvious, and your useless king goes into the discard pile. As an
unmatched higher-ranking card, the king is now an encumbrance, and you should rid yourself
of this excess baggage.
Advanced Strategies
The sharper Gin Rummy players can track the discards to help them avoid discarding good
cards to their opponents. It also enables them to hold onto the best card combinations Jack =
One point.



15
Go Fish

How the Game Is Played
Each player gets five cards. If you are dealt a four of a kind, or get four of a kind
during game play, those cards are removed from your hand, and you get a point.
Moving clockwise, players take turns asking a specific player for a given rank of card.
If someone asks you for a rank that you have, the cards are taken from your hand. if
you do not have any cards of that rank, your opponent must go fish, taking one new
card from the pile of cards.
When it’s your turn, select a player you think might have a needed card. Pick one card from
your hand of the desired rank. If the player has the desired card, he or she must pass it over.
If not, you must go fish. If you get the card you asked for, you get to go again.
If you run out of cards and there are still cards left, you get five free cards.
Play continues until all hands are empty and there are no more cards to draw from.
The winner is the player with the most points at the end of the game.
Strategies
Winning at Go Fish takes luck, a decent memory, and a good sense of timing. The
luck part we can’t help you with. Ditto for a decent memory (actually, you can read the
strategies section in Memory Match for some mnemonic aids). Try to remember what
people have asked for in previous turns. This is especially important if someone has
captured two cards of a specific rank. If you have the opportunity to ask for that rank,
make sure you take it— you’ll get a warm feeling when you lay down four cards.
This hand contains six points (A, J, J) and at least the minimum three cards in spades, hearts,
and diamonds. If your partner bid one club, however, your hand is too weak, and you should
pass.
Any suit of five or more cards is always biddable.
Bidding No-trump
A bid of no-trump is best when you have 15 high-card points, and your hand’s distribution is
balanced, meaning a 4-3-3-3, 4-4-3-2, or 5-3-3-2 combination. You should also have all suits
stopped, meaning you have the A, the K-Q, the Q-J-10, and/or the J-10-9-8 in each suit.
These card combinations will prevent your opponents from taking a run of tricks in one suit.
Most of the time, however, you’ll have to make do with “probable” stoppers, such as K-x, Q-J-
x, Q-10-x, or even Q-x-x.
Playing
If you’re the defender and you can’t decide what to lead, here’s an old bit of Bridge
lore: when in doubt, lead the fourth-best card from your longest suit. This is called

16
leading from length. It’s considered the standard way to lead in a no-trump contract,
and it’s a safe way to proceed in a suit contract.
Typically, an unbalanced hand is more suitable to play a trump contract. A balanced
hand is good for a no-trump contract. Whenever a player has a balanced or an
unbalanced hand, it is very common for more than one of the other hands to have a
similar distribution, and it’s something to plan for in the play of the hand.



17
Hearts

The concept of turning games around and letting the losers win and the winners lose has
been applied to most of the card-game families. It seems to work best with the family of trick-
taking games. Hearts (also known as Omnibus Hearts, Black Maria, and Black Lady) is the
most successful example of a trick-avoidance game. Merilyn Simonds Mohr noted its
international reputation—the only game of its type to ascend to those heights. The United
States Playing Card Co. reports that Hearts is the second-favorite card game among
American college students (Spades is number one).
How the Game Is Played
The usual number of Hearts players is four (three, five, and six may also play, but we won’t
consider those variants here). It’s every man (or woman) for himself. Hearts uses the
standard 52-card pack. The cards in each suit rank from the ace (the highest) to the 2 (the
lowest). There are no trumps.
The deal rotates clockwise, as does the play of the cards. The entire pack is dealt, one card
at a time. Players may discard three cards by passing them to the player on their left. (You
must pass these cards before you can look at the ones you’ll be receiving.) The player with
the 2 of clubs opens the game. In Hoyle Card Games, passing can rotate or be dispensed
with, and the player to the dealer’s left can open.
Whichever card is led first, the other players must try to follow suit. A trick is won by
the highest card in the suit led. The winner of a trick makes the next lead.
The object of play is to avoid taking hearts in tricks, as each heart counts as one point against
the player taking it. The queen of spades (the Black Lady or Black Maria) counts as 13.
However, you could try to take all the hearts and the Black Lady. This is called Shooting the
Moon, and, if you pull it off, you hand your opponents a whopping 26 points each.
Hearts cannot be led until they’ve been broken, that is, thrown into a previous trick by a player
who couldn’t follow suit. When a player equals or breaks 100 points, the game is over, and
the player with the lowest score at that time is the winner.
Strategies
The queen of spades rules the game of Hearts. To ignore the queen is to court humiliation
and risk defeat. Consideration of the queen should begin before play starts, during the
passing phase. Any high spades (Q, K, A) are dangerous if they are not protected by several
lower spades.
However, it can be fatal to be short on low cards in a particular suit, especially later in
the game. Using the last example, say a few hands have passed, and you still have
the 8, 10, queen, and king of clubs. After the ace and 9 are played, you happily throw
down your queen, and the top player takes the trick with the ace.
However, the player to your right threw down the jack of clubs. You now have the three
highest clubs (8, 10, K). What happens after that could be destructive. Players will be running

18
out of clubs, and next time someone leads in clubs, they’ll paint you with hearts or stick you
with the queen of spades.
Guarded high-cards should be saved until later in the game, especially if they are hearts. This
will help to prevent someone from successfully Shooting the Moon. If the player who receives
your discards likes to Shoot the Moon, you may wish to pass them a low heart. This may
discourage them from making the attempt in the first place.



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Pitch

Pitch (also sometimes known as Setback or High-Low-Jack) is the most popular of a number
of similar games originating from the game All Fours, a seventeenth-century English game.
The name All Fours is a reference to the four points players try to take: High, Low, Jack and
Game. The goal of all fours is to take “all four” of these points. The original All Fours
incorporates some of Euchre’s elements, including offering a turned up suit as trump.
How the Game Is Played
Pitch is a trick-taking game using a standard 52-card deck; each player is dealt six cards.
Each player can bid on the value of his or her hand and plays to take tricks and get points.
Although one player wins the bid and tries to take all the points, all players can get points by
taking key cards. The goal is to be the first player to reach the winning score (7, 11, or 21).
Bidding
You can bid on the value of your hand. Possible bids are two, three, four, or smudge
(smudge is really a bid of five).
For two, three, and four, you are bidding how many of the points below you can win.
For smudge, you have to win all the points below, and take all six tricks in the round.
High: You win the trick which has the highest available card in the trump suit.
Low: You win the trick which has the lowest available card in the trump suit.
Jack: You win the trick which has the jack of the trump suit.
Game: You get the most game points in the round. All 10s are worth 10, aces are
worth 4, kings are worth 3, queens are worth 2, and jacks are worth 1. Other cards
aren’t worth anything.
Each player in turn bids or passes; bidding always starts at two. Bidding only lasts one round
(each player only gets one chance to bid or pass). If all players pass, the cards are redealt
and bidding starts again.
Note that since not all cards are dealt every hand, ace and 2 aren’t always the high
and low card (sometimes a queen may be the High and a 4 the Low, for instance).
And there may not be a jack in any given hand (since only 24 of 52 cards are dealt in a
hand).
Scoring Points
All points scored go to the player who scored them, but the pitcher must try to get the
points he or she bid.
If you are the pitcher, and you win your bid, you get the number of points you took, even if this
is higher than the bid. For instance, if you bid two, and took High, Low, and Jack, that player
gets 3 points.

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But if you lose your bid, you are set back (lose) the number of points you bid, even if
you made some of the bid. For instance, if you bid three, and get High and Low (but
not Jack or Game), you lose 3 points, since you did not make all of your bid. If other
players get the points you bid, they score those points. In this example, if another
player got Jack and Game, he would get 2 points.
It is possible for two or more players to tie for Game (both receiving the same amount of total
game points); in this case, no player gets that point. And again, if there is no jack dealt, no
one gets the Jack point.
Note that you must bid smudge to get the fifth point for winning smudge. Merely
getting all six tricks and High, Low, Jack, and Game will still only give you 4 points if
you didn’t bid Smudge. If you bid Smudge, you must get all 4 points and win all the
tricks, or you lose 5 points.
Bids are always scored in the order High, Low, Jack, and Game. Scoring stops when one
player reaches the winning score. (This breaks any ties in the game.) For example: in a game
played to a winning score of 11, Linda has 9 points and Chris has 10 points. If Linda wins
High and Low, and Chris wins Jack and Game, Linda wins the game, because she gets 2
points for High and Low, making 11, and Chris thus never gets his 2 points for Jack and
Game. (This means in a close game, the person who’s behind can win if he or she wins the
right bids.)
Taking Tricks
The player who won the bid (called the pitcher) plays a card to the board; the suit of
this card is used as trump.
Each player must play trump if he or she has it (trump is shown in the upper right
corner). The player with the highest trump card wins.
The player who won the first trick leads the next trick with any card. Each player, in
turn, plays a card. If you have a card of the suit led, you must either follow suit or play
a trump card. If you don’t have a card of the suit led, you can play any card (trump, or
any other suit).
Important! In Pitch, you can always choose to play trump, even if you can follow suit. If you
don’t have a card in the suit played, you can play any card, including trump.
The trick is won by the player who played the highest trump card, or, if there’s no
trump, the player who played the highest card of the suit that was led. The winner of
each trick leads the next trick, and may lead any card.

Strategies
Bid based on the strong cards in your starting hand. If you have the Ace and a 2 or 3, a bid of
two is a strong bet. If you have an ace and king, and other high cards, try bidding four. And an
ace, king, and 2 is an excellent bid of three.

21
Be careful about bidding based on holding a jack, unless you have other cards in that suit to
protect it (ideally higher cards); there’s no guarantee you’ll keep a jack in your hand if you
don’t have supporting cards—and someone else is likely to get that point. Watch out for your
10s! 10s are worth a lot of points towards the Game bid, so be careful you don’t give them
away too easily. If you know you’re likely to lose a trick (because it’s been trumped or an ace
has been played), you might want to sacrifice a face card instead of a 10.




22
Rummy 500

How to Play Rummy 500
Rummy 500 is played by two people with the standard 52-card pack. Each player receives a
hand of 13 cards, and the rest of the pack is placed face down; this is the stock. The top card
of the stock is turned up and placed beside the stock in a discard pile. In Rummy 500, all
discards are available to draw, not just the top one; the discard pile is fanned out so that each
card is visible.
There are three phases to a turn:
1 Drawing: You can either draw the top card of the stock, or draw from the discard
pile. When drawing from the discard pile, you can take the top card, or you can take a
card farther down in the pile, but there are some restrictions:
If you take the top card of the discard pile, you must play it to the table in the current
turn. You can change the game options to not require you to play this card; in this
case, if you draw this card, you must discard a different card.
If you take a card farther down in the discard pile, you must be able to play that card to
the table in the current turn, and you must also take all the cards above that card in the
discard pile into your hand. The card you have to meld that turn will be raised slightly
in your hand as a reminder.
2 Playing cards to the table: This is optional. You can move sets and sequences,
called melds, from your hand to the table; this is known as melding. You can also play
cards that extend existing melds (either yours or your opponent’s). You get points for
each card you play to the table. You can meld as many cards as you like.
3 Discarding: You must end your turn by discarding a card to the top of the discard pile.
The exception to this rule is if you have melded all the cards in your hand (ending the hand);
in this case, no discard is necessary.
The hand continues with each player taking a turn until one player has played all of his or her
cards to the table (discarding if necessary), ending the hand. The hand can also end if all of
the cards in the stock are drawn, and the person whose turn it is does not want to draw from
the discard pile (or cannot); that player passes, ending the game.
You play multiple hands until one player reaches 500 points or more at the end of a
hand; that player wins the game. In the event of a tie, further hands are played until
there is a single winner.
General Strategies
Success in Rummy depends largely on keeping track of the discards. From this you’ll know
which of your own combinations are still “alive” and you’ll be able to guess which
combinations your opponent is holding.


23
Pay attention to sequences when considering what cards to draw or discard. For
example, it is easy to miss an ace-low sequence (A-2-3 or A-2-3-4), because the ace
is always sorted as a high card in your hand.
Later in the game, intimidate your opponent—keep a vigilant eye on your opponent’s score,
and try to keep your score slightly ahead to keep him or her from ending the game. Also
watch your opponent’s hand size at the end of the game: you don’t want to be surprised by
the other player going out when you have a full hand of cards (especially high ones) near the
end.
Know when to lose gracefully. If you’re dramatically behind on points in the current hand, but
you can go out, consider going out early even if this means losing; since you’re playing
several games to 500 points, think long term. Prolonging the hand when you’re losing and
your outlook is bad gives your opponent a chance to make the outcome even worse for you.
Your ace strategy should vary throughout the game. Early in the game, it is worth holding
onto aces, since the potential 15 points you could score (for a set or ace-high sequence) are
very valuable. Near the end of the hand, discard aces that are not sure things. At 15 points a
pop, it is too much of a risk to hold onto them near the end of the hand.
If your opponent’s score is nearing 500, try to end the hand at an appropriate time, if
you can. Don’t be afraid to go out early if you don’t have a fantastic hand and your
opponent won’t win the game. Maybe the next hand will be the monster hand you
need to mount your comeback.






24
Spades
Spades was most likely developed simultaneously with Whist as a simpler form of that game.
Whereas Whist was replaced by Bridge, nothing ever came along to replace Spades.
According to the United. States Playing Card Company, Spades ranks as the number-one
card game among American college students.
How the Game Is Played
Spades is played by four people in two partnerships. The cards rank ace (the highest) to the 2
(the lowest). Spades are always trumps. Each player receives 13 cards. Bidding and play
proceed in a clockwise direction. In the bidding phase you declare the number of tricks you
intend to win; in the playing phase you try to win those tricks. The object of the game is to
fulfill the total bid by the partnership.
You may choose to bid Nil, meaning you intend not to win any tricks. Before you even pick up
your cards, you may bid Double Nil. This is the same as a Nil bid, except all rewards and
penalties are doubled. If one or both players in a partnership bid Nil, their bids are scored
independently, then combined to determine the partnership’s score.
You must follow suit if you can, otherwise you may take the trick with a trump or discard
something from a non-trump suit. Spades cannot be lead until they’ve been broken (until
they’ve been used to trump an earlier lead). A trick is won by the highest trump or by the
highest card of the suit led.
If you make your bid, you receive 10 points for each trick in the bid, one point for each trick
above the bid. A Nil bid counts for 100 points if you succeed, 100 against if you fail. Double
Nil is 200. The game is to 500 points.
Not all Spades games use bags, but ours does. Every point in excess of your total bid counts
as one bag. If you collect 10 bags, you lose 100 points.
Strategies
Try to estimate the number of tricks you’ll take as accurately as possible. Count kings
and aces as one trick each. The value of your lower-ranking trumps depends on the
presence of voids, singletons, or doubletons in your off-suits (non-trumps).
If you have a similar hand, but a singleton (one club) instead, you can expect to take
two tricks with your low trumps. With three trumps and a void in one suit, you might
take three tricks. Additional trump cards above three are worth one trick each on
average.
If someone else is bidding Nil, that will make it easier for you to win tricks, and you might
consider adding one trick to your estimation. In a perfect world, the total amount of tricks bid
in each hand of Spades should equal 13, since there are 13 tricks to be won.

If you are the third or last player to bid, consider how the other players have been bidding. If
the bid count is low, you may want to include marginal cards (such as a pair of queens) as
one trick.

25
Bid Nil, obviously, if you’re pretty sure you won’t be taking any tricks. Some danger
signs to look for in your hand are a suit of three or fewer cards that contains any high-
cards.
The exception to this is when you have a void or a singleton in a suit. In this case,
there’s a good chance you can dump the king harmlessly before you take a trick.
If you have a hand that’s long in spades (four or more), it is very unlikely you can carry out a
successful Nil bid (those spades will be the implements used to dig your grave). You’re bound
to win a trick, costing you 100 points.
Your strategy during play should depend somewhat on the total bid for tricks that will
be taken. If the total bid is very high (12 or more tricks), you need to be aggressive.
Fight for tricks, throw off low cards whenever possible. Avoid taking any tricks from
your partner. By doing so, you may prevent your opponents from fulfilling their
contract. Also, with a high total bid, it is unlikely you’ll be taking many bags for your
team, no matter what.
Spades is like Hearts in one respect: sometimes it’s better to lose tricks. If the bid is
low (10 or less), you should avoid taking any tricks you hadn’t counted on.
What if the total bid for tricks is exactly 11? In this case, base your play on other
factors. If you have accumulated only a few bags, try to win the tricks at first. Change
this strategy as circumstances dictate. You can increase your options in later tricks by
playing your middle cards early.
Another tactic you can use when trying to make your bid is to watch your partner’s plays
closely. If he or she inadvertently loses a trick that’s normally a win (for example, if your
partner gets trumped early), try to make it up by taking one trick above your own bid.
If an opponent bids Nil, you will need to make sure that he or she takes one trick. To
do this, play the lowest cards possible, and don’t worry about fulfilling your contract
(assuming the total bid is low, which is probable). Save your low cards specifically for
trying to stick the Nil bidder.


26

Family fun and traditions can make each month throughout the year exciting and
entertaining. Use the following suggestions as a starting point to begin and build on
traditions for your family.
Beginning new traditions and family activities is the
easy part but sticking with those new traditions is the
hard part. The key is finding activities that are fun,
and getting each member of the family involved.
Fun All Year Long:
1. Holiday Traditions
2.
Family Night
3. Activities
4. Community Involvement


Today is the perfect
time to brain storm a list of activities for your family
to engage in all year long. Get a large piece of paper
and get everyone involved in listing activities.
Everybody gets to choose at least one activity that is
most exciting for them. Make sure to think about the
cost and time commitment involved with each of the
activities.
1. Give everyone plenty of time to think about
ideas to present to the family.
2. Think about talents, interests, and skills of each
family member. Plan for all ages to interact.
3. Use a large poster board to brain storm ideas.
4. Give everyone their own colored strips of
paper to write down ideas and then draw the
slips randomly.
5. Use a large calendar to plan. Have small
calendars for each family/individual so they
can fill out their calendar and leave with the
schedule. Include everyones birthday,
anniversary or other special days on the
calendar.
1.
Holiday Traditions - What does your family
do on traditional holidays. Do you have traditions
that have been passed down and that you want to
pass on to the next generation. Don’t be afraid to
alter or begin something new and exciting. ex.
Handmade gifts at Christmas, draw names, hand
crafted wrapping paper; pink milk and heart
pancakes for Valentines day; scavenger hunts for
Easter; mystery dinner for Halloween; etc.







Fun All Year Long

27
2.
Family Night - Pick a night and make a commitment to get together each week. Consistency is the key.
Choose the same day of the week and the same time. Make sure to include both food and fun, and be creative.
Activities don’t have to be expensive. Food, Food and Food.

Be Creative

Have Fun

Include Everyone

Be consistent - Folks will miss - Gather regardless.

3.
Activities - Once a month choose a large activity. Pick a place to go, something to see or experience.
You may have to change the day and time to accommodate the activity. You may not be able to schedule
around everybody, do the best you can.

Scavenger Hunts

Arts, Entertainment, and Sports

Restaurants

Parks

Trips

New Skills, How to......

Game night

Pajama Run

Individual appreciation day for each family member


4.
Community Involvement

Collect Free items all year long and schedule a family outing to deliver to the charity of your choice

Pick a holiday and serve at a community dinner as a family.

Take advantage of community publications with local and statewide activities.

Adopt a family or child for the year

Join a local nonprofit board











28
Frisbee Golf Official Rules

Contributor
Frisbee golf is an outdoor activity that can be played at parks, cookouts or anywhere you
have enough space and a frisbee. Official frisbee golf courses can be located at the beach or
at local parks. They can have obstacles such as water hazards and out-of-bounds area. You
can even play frisbee golf in your backyard: all you need is a frisbee and a basket.
1. Teeing Off
2. On a frisbee golf course, each "hole" has a section marked off as the tee. To tee off, a
player must make their first throw with at least one of their feet within this tee area.
3. Holes
4. The holes in frisbee golf are not holes at all. Instead, these are baskets that are placed
in certain areas on the frisbee golf course. To complete the hole, you must land the
frisbee in the basket.
5. Penalties
6.
If the frisbee gets stuck in a tree or other obstacle two meters above the ground, you
have one point added to your score as a penalty point and your frisbee is thrown from
the ground at that location.
7. Par
8. Unless otherwise labeled on the frisbee golf course, the standard par for a frisbee golf
hole is three throws.
9. Aces
10. If a player manages to throw a frisbee into the basket on his first throw, it is an Ace.
This is the equivalent of a hole in one in golf.

29
FARKLE RULES

You will need: 6 dice, paper and pencil

How to play: Each player must score 500 points in one turn to ‘get on the board’. If a player ‘farkles’ before
reaching 500 their turn is over and they pass the dice to the next player. Once a player has gotten on the board
they can quit at any time during their turn, regardless of how many points they score during that turn.

Play to 10,000. Once someone scores 10,000 (or more) the remaining players have one last turn. There are ways
you can vary the game at this point. If someone beats the original player who reached 10,000, they can be
declared the winner, or if you want to continue playing, let each player have one more turn, each time anyone
beats the high scorer.

How to score: Players begin by rolling all 6 dice. In order not to ‘farkle’ each roll in a turn must come up with
something that ‘counts’. Scoring dice are set aside and contribute their score for that turn. If a player decides to
continue rolling during their turn they use the remaining dice. If at any time ‘all’ the dice produce points the
player has the option to begin again with all six dice. This still counts as one turn and should they ‘farkle’ (roll
and come up with nothing that scores) they will lose any points accumulated turning that turn. Once points are
recorded they cannot be lost.

What counts:
All six dice the same..............................1,000
3 pair.......................................................1,000
A straight (1 through 6)..........................1,000
3 ones......................................................1,000
One.........................................................100
Five..........................................................50
3 of any number equals that number times 100 (except ones they equal 1000) i.e.
3 twos........................................................200
3 threes......................................................300
3 fours........................................................400
3 fives........................................................500
3 sixes........................................................600
Have fun, play fair and take a risk now and then!