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Customer Service Center ................................................ 850/617-2000
DHSMV Official Website ........................................................ flhsmv.gov
Online Transactions (DHSMV Virtual Office) .................. GoRenew.com
Documentation Requirements ..................... flhsmv.gov/WhatToBring
To Order a Crash Report .................................................. 850/617-3416
Neil Kirkman Building
2900 Apalachee Parkway
Tallahassee, Florida 32399
Our Mission

Provide highway safety and security through excellence in

service, education and enforcement.
Our Vision

A Safer Florida
Our Values

We believe in:

Service by exceeding expectations;

Integrity by upholding the highest ethical standards;

Courtesy by treating everyone with dignity and respect;

Professionalism by inspiring confidence and trust;

Innovation by fostering creativity; and

Excellence in all we do!
©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles.
All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be modified in any way
for distribution or publication without the express prior written permission
of the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles.
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 04/23/18 i
INTRODUCTION
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook is produced by the Florida Department of
Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV). This guide has the information you need
to prepare for the Florida Driver License Class E Knowledge Exam and Driving Skills Test
and to help you drive safely and lawfully.
Disclaimer
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook contains many condensed and paraphrased
points of Florida laws and provides safety advice not specifically addressed in the laws. The
handbook is not a legal authority and is not intended for use in court. This handbook will
not reflect any changes made by the Florida Legislature after the last revision date (located
at the bottom of this page).
Warning
Florida law prohibits using a false name, making a false statement, concealing a material fact
or otherwise using fraud in an application for a driver license or ID card. The penalty can be
up to five years in prison, a $5,000 fine, and suspension of any existing driving privilege for
at least one year.
In addition, it is illegal to permit or authorize an unlicensed person to drive a motor vehicle.
Doing so can result in a 60 day jail sentence and a $500 fine. If the vehicle is involved in
a crash resulting in bodily injury or death of any person, the person who permitted the
unlicensed person to drive shall have his/her license suspended for one year.
Public Records
Florida law requires the DHSMV to collect certain personal information during the
licensing process. This information, which identifies licensed individuals, is used for records
management, driver improvement, financial responsibility, and law enforcement purposes.
If you do not provide the required information, you will not receive a driver license or ID
card.
Florida’s Public Records Law makes all records made or received by DHSMV in the
course of its official business available for inspection, unless specifically exempted by law.
Your personal information, including name, address, and driver license number is exempt
from public disclosure, but may be given to law enforcement agencies and other entities
permitted by law to get the information. Your medical information, social security number,
and emergency contact information are available only as specifically authorized by law.
DHSMV strives to ensure the accuracy of the information obtained during the licensing
process. If you discover any incorrect information, please call us at (850) 617-2000 or mail
your request with your complete name, date of birth, driver license number, information
about the error, and any documentation to support your request to: Chief of the Bureau of
Records, 2900 Apalachee Parkway MS 89, Tallahassee, FL 32399-0575. Some information,
such as reports of convictions received from a court, can only be corrected if notification
from the court is received that the report was in error.
ii ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
FLORIDA STATUTE CHANGES FOR 2018
§316.003, 316.008, 316.2071, 316.614, 320.01,320.02, 322.03, 322.12,
324.021, Florida Statutes: Effective July 1, 2018, the definition of motorcycle is
amended to include an autocycle, which is defined as a three-wheeled motorcycle
having two wheels in the front and one wheel in the back, equipped with a roll
cage or roll hoops, a seat belt for each occupant, antilock brakes, a steering wheel,
and seating that does not require the driver to straddle the vehicle. The driver,
front seat passenger and any passenger under the age of 18 years old must wear a
safety belt. Autocycle drivers are not required to have a motorcycle endorsement or
complete a motorcycle skills and knowledge test to operate an autocycle.
§322.051, 322.14, 322.135, Florida Statutes: Effective July 1, 2018, veterans
presenting proof of veteran status are exempt from paying the $1 or $2 fee to
have the “Veteran” designation added to their driver license or ID card. Forms
of identification presented as proof of veteran status include a DD-214 form
reflecting an honorable discharge from active duty, a veteran ID card or veteran
health ID card. Additionally, customers showing proof of veteran status will not be
charged the $6.25 tax collector service fee for driver license services.
§320.08, Florida Statutes: Effective July 1, 2018, expands eligibility for the
agricultural or forestry restricted license plate to include qualifying trucks
operating anywhere within the state or within a 150-mile radius of their home
address.
§320.02, 320.27, Florida Statutes: Effective October 1, 2018, applications for
motor vehicle registrations must include language indicating an applicant is deaf
or hard of hearing. This information is required to be entered into the Driver
and Vehicle Information Database and available through the Florida Crime
Information Center System, ensuring that law enforcement is aware of the hearing
impairment.
§318.14, 318.15, Florida Statutes: Effective January 1, 2019, persons receiving a
noncriminal moving violation, not requiring a mandatory court appearance, will
receive a 9% reduction in the cost of the civil penalty, if they elect to attend a
Basic Driver Improvement course.
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 04/23/18 iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contact Info ...................... Inside Front Cover

Introduction .............................................................. i

Public Records ......................................................... i

Law Changes for 2018 ............................................ ii
PART 1: DRIVING IN FLORIDA ........................ 1
1. Preparing to Drive: Your Vehicle .............. 3

Getting Ready to Drive ...........................................3

Equipment Standards ...........................................3

Required Equipment ..............................................3

Equipment NOT Permitted ...................................4

Bumper Height Requirements .............................4

Keep Your Car in Good Condition .......................4

Anti-Lock Brake System ........................................5

Trailers, Towing, & Load ........................................5

Drawbar or Towing Connection ...........................5

Securing the Load ..................................................6

Projecting Load .......................................................6

Slow Moving Vehicle ..............................................6
2. Preparing to Drive: You—the Driver ......... 7

Physical Conditions ...............................................7

Drowsy Driving ........................................................7

Emotions ..................................................................7

Road Rage ................................................................8

Distracted Driving ...................................................8

Drinking & Driving ...................................................9

Drugged Driving ......................................................9

Older Drivers .........................................................10

Florida 511 Traffic Info .........................................10
3. Occupant Protection ............................ 11

Seat Belts & Child Restraints ..............................11

Leaving Children Unsupervised in Vehicles ....12
4. Traffic Controls .................................... 13

Pavement Markings ..............................................13

Edge Lines ..............................................................13

White Lane Lines ...................................................13

Yellow Lane Lines .................................................13

Turn Lanes..............................................................14

Reversible Lanes ...................................................14

Bicycle Lanes .........................................................14

White Stop Lines ...................................................14

Crosswalks .............................................................15

Other Markings ......................................................15

Traffic Signs ............................................................15

Traffic Sign Colors ................................................15

Traffic Sign Shapes ...............................................16

Regulatory Signs ...................................................16

Warning Signs ........................................................18

Informational Signs ..............................................21

Traffic Control Signals ..........................................21

Steady Signal Lights .............................................21

Flashing Signal Lights ..........................................22

Lane Signals...........................................................23

Ramp Signals .........................................................23

Pedestrian Signals ................................................23

Zones of Caution ..................................................24

School Zone Signs & Signals ..............................24

Railroad Crossing Signs & Signals .....................24

Drawbridge Signs & Signals ................................25

Construction/Maintenance Signs & Signals ....26
5. Driving Safely ...................................... 27

Speed Limits ..........................................................27

Braking Distance ...................................................28

Smooth Stops........................................................29

Making Turns .........................................................29

Three-Point Turn ..................................................30

Intersections ..........................................................30

Open Intersections ...............................................30

Right-of-Way ..........................................................30

Roundabouts .........................................................31

Driveways ...............................................................31

Traffic Lanes ...........................................................31

Safe Following Distances ....................................32

Following Distance for Trucks ............................33

Blind Spots .............................................................33

Passing ....................................................................33

Passing on the Right ............................................34

Where You Must Not Pass... .................................34

Being Passed .........................................................34

Limited Access Highways ....................................34

Entering & Leaving Interstate Highways...........35

Interstate Safety Reminders ...............................36

Parking ....................................................................36

Parking Lights .......................................................36

Straight-in Parking ................................................36

Parking on Hills .....................................................36

Where Parking is Not Allowed ............................37
iv ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Table of Contents Continued

Backing Up .............................................................37
6. Sharing the Road ................................. 39

Sharing the Road with Pedestrians ...................39

Rules for Pedestrians ...........................................39

Right-of-Way ..........................................................39

Pedestrian Safety Tips .........................................40

Sharing the Road with Bicycles .........................40

Rules for Bicyclists ................................................41

Bicyclist Safety Tips ..............................................41

Motorcycle Awareness .........................................42

Rules for Motorcycle/Moped ..............................42

School Buses .........................................................43

School Crossings ..................................................43

Emergency Vehicles .............................................44

Florida’s Move Over Law ......................................44

Funeral Processions .............................................44

Public Transit .........................................................44

Commercial Vehicles ...........................................44

Rules for Motorists ................................................44

Passing Commercial Vehicles ............................45

Golf Carts ................................................................46

Low Speed Vehicles..............................................46
7. Special Driving Situations ..................... 47

Night Driving ..........................................................47

Low Visibility ..........................................................48

Rain .........................................................................48

Animals ...................................................................49

Following Law Enforcement Instructions ........49
8. Handling Emergencies .......................... 51

Defensive Driving ..................................................51

Avoiding Rear-end Collisions .............................51

Breakdowns ...........................................................52

Vehicle Approaching in Your Lane .....................52

Right Wheels Off Pavement ................................52

Overcorrection ......................................................52

Skidding..................................................................52

Emergency Braking ..............................................52

Brake Failure ..........................................................53

Wet Brakes .............................................................53

Jammed Gas Pedal ..............................................53

Tire Blowout ..........................................................53

Fire ...........................................................................53

Stalled on Railroad Tracks ..................................54

Submerged Vehicle ..............................................54

Power Outage ........................................................54

Your Responsibilities After a Crash ....................54

Leaving the Scene.................................................55

Hit & Run Penalties ...............................................55

First Aid ...................................................................56
9. Your Driving Privilege ........................... 57

Insurance Laws .....................................................57

The No-Fault Law .................................................57

The Financial Responsibility Law ......................58

Vehicle Registration..............................................59

Applying for Title, Plates & Registration ...........60

Renewal ..................................................................60

Violations of the License Law .............................60

Time Restrictions for Minors (Driving Curfew) 61

Littering ..................................................................61

Road Damage ........................................................61

Driving Under the Influence (DUI) .....................61

Implied Consent Law ...........................................61

Penalties for DUI ...................................................62

Zero Tolerance ......................................................62

Traffic Crashes .......................................................63

Three Crashes in Three Years Law .....................63

Point System ..........................................................63

Mandatory Restriction for Minors ......................64

Losing the Privilege to Drive ...............................64

Penalties for Passing a Stopped School Bus ...66

Administrative Hearings ......................................66

Disabled Parking Permit ......................................66
PART 2: THE FLORIDA DRIVER LICENSE ........ 67
10. Getting Your License or ID Card ............. 69

Who Needs a Florida License to Drive? ............69

Exceptions for the Florida Driver License.........69

Florida Driver License Classifications ...............70

Requirements for Class E License .....................70

Learner’s License ..................................................71

Reciprocity .............................................................71

Traffic Law & Substance Abuse Education ......71

Parent’s Consent for Minors ................................71

Physical & Mental Requirements .......................71

Restriction Codes .................................................72
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 04/23/18 v

Identification Requirements ..............................73

Primary Identification ..........................................73

Proof of Social Security Number .......................75

Proof of Residential Address ..............................76

ID cards ...................................................................77

ID Cards for Persons Homeless Persons ..........77

ID Cards for Persons at/below Poverty Level ..77

License Renewal ...................................................77

Renewal Issuance Requirements ......................77

Renewing Online ..................................................78

License/ID Card Replacement ...........................78

Replacement Requirements...............................79

Change of Address ................................................79

Name Changes ......................................................79

Veterans ..................................................................80

Veteran Designation on License or ID Card .....80

Exempt Fees for 100% Disabled US Vets ..........80

Selective Service ...................................................80

Sexual Offenders & Sexual Predators ...............81

Career Offenders ...................................................81

Florida Organ & Tissue Donor Program ...........81

Emergency Contact Information .......................81

Voluntary Contributions ......................................81

Fees .........................................................................82
11. Driving School Providers ...................... 85

TLSAE Course Providers ......................................85

Third Party Driver License Exams ......................85

Basic Driver Improvement Course ....................85

Advanced Driver Improvement Courses ..........86

Licensed DUI Programs .......................................86

Older Driver Insurance Courses .........................86
12. Driver License Testing .......................... 87

Testing Options .....................................................87

License Examinations ..........................................87

Vision .......................................................................87

Class E Knowledge Exam ....................................88

Driving Skills Test ..................................................88

Vehicle Inspection ................................................89
STUDY GUIDE FOR THE TEST ....................... 91
flhsmv.gov online services ... Inside Back Cover
IMPORTANT INFO
FOR MINOR DRIVERS
Learner’s License
• Must always drive accompanied
by a licensed driver, age 21 or
older, who rides in the closest
seat to the right of the driver.
• Must only drive during daylight
hours during the first 3 months
after earning learner’s license. After
3 months, may drive until 10 pm.
• Must have at least 50 hours
driving experience prior to
getting driver license, and 10
hours should be at night.
Age 16 with Driver License
Must not drive between 11 pm to 6 am
unless driving to or from work OR
accompanied by a licensed driver
who is age 21 or older.
Age 17 with Driver License
Must not drive between 1 am to 5 am
unless driving to or from work OR
accompanied by a licensed driver
who is age 21 or older.
Driving Record Points
Any driver under the age of 18
who accumulates 6 or more
points within a 12 month period
is automatically restricted for
one year to driving for “Business
Purposes ONLY.”
Remember...
Always carry your driver license
with you when driving, and always
have proof of vehicle registration
and insurance with you in the
vehicle you are driving.
vi ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Studying the official Florida Driver License
Handbook is the first step in joining the more
than 16 million licensed drivers in Florida.
The Florida Department of Highway Safety
and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV) provides this
handbook to give each driver the information
they need to be safe on the roads and build a
foundation of driving knowledge that will last a
lifetime. The information contained within this
handbook provides you with an understanding
of the rules of the road, traffic signals and how
to safely drive under various conditions and
circumstances.
Driving can unlock a world of opportunity, but this tremendous privilege
also comes with great risk. Driver education and being properly prepared
for the road can save your life and the lives of others. Be sure to carefully
review this handbook to ensure your safety and the safety of the millions of
people who travel Florida’s roads.
On behalf of the DHSMV and the Florida Highway Patrol, we welcome
you to join us in upholding our vision of A Safer Florida. Keep your eyes
on the road, your hands on the wheel and your mind on driving.
Safe travels,
Terry L. Rhodes,
Executive Director
Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
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The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 04/23/18 1
PART 1–DRIVING IN FLORIDA
1. Preparing to Drive: Your Vehicle
2. Preparing to Drive: You—the Driver
3. Occupant Protection
4. Traffic Controls
5. Driving Safely
6. Sharing the Road
7. Special Driving Situations
8. Handling Emergencies
9. Your Driving Privilege
2 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
1
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 04/23/18 3
PREPARING TO DRIVE: YOUR VEHICLE
Getting Ready to Drive
Before you start your engine:
• be sure vehicle is in park or neutral.
• adjust the seat so you can reach all controls.
• adjust all rear-view mirrors so that you can use them without having to
lean forward or backward.
• move anything that blocks your view of mirrors or roadway.
• lock all car doors.
• put on your seat belt and make sure all passengers do the same.
Equipment Standards
The equipment on your car must meet certain standards. You may be
stopped at any time by law enforcement for a vehicle inspection.
Required Equipment
Brakes
Two braking systems. Each must be able to stop the car
alone. The parking or emergency brake should be strong
enough to hold the car on any hill.
Low Beam Headlights
Show objects 150 feet ahead. Visible from 1,000 feet.
High Beam Headlights Show objects 450 feet ahead. Visible from 1,000 feet.
Taillights
Two red taillights. Visible from 1,000 feet.
Brake lights
Two red brake lights. Visible from 300 feet in the daytime.
License Plate Light
White light that makes the license plate visible from 50 feet.
Directional Signals
Amber; or white (front) or red (rear). Visible from 500 feet.
Horn
Heard from a distance of 200 feet.
Mirrors
At least one rear-view mirror with view 200 feet to the rear.
Windshield Wiper
In good working order to clear the driver’s view.
Windshields*
Must be safety glass and may not be covered or treated with
any material that makes the windshield reflective or non-
transparent. Must be free of any stickers not required by law.
Side & Rear Windows* May not be composed of, covered by, or treated with
any material which has a highly reflective or mirrored
appearance and reflects more than 25% of the light (side
windows) or more than 35% of the light (rear window).
Tires
Should have a minimum tread of at least 3/32 of an inch or
greater, and no worn spots showing the ply.
*See FS §316.2953 and FS §316.2954 for details on window tint restrictions.
4 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Equipment NOT Permitted
Red lights visible from front or blue lights. For emergency/law enforcement vehicles only.
More than two spotlights, cowl or fender lights, fog lights, or other extra lights.
A siren, bell, or whistle.
A very loud muffler (heard from more than 50 feet) or one that emits smoke.
Signs, posters, or stickers on the windshield or windows (except if required by law).
A television that the driver can see.
Headsets/headphones worn by driver while operating a vehicle.
Bumper Height Requirements
Owners of automobiles and pickup
trucks are required to have both
front and rear bumpers mounted
within certain height levels. Height
limitations are governed by the
net shipping weight of the vehicle,
not the modified or altered weight.
The maximum allowable heights
between the pavement and bottom
of the front and rear bumper are:
Vehicle Weight
Front Rear
Cars < 2500 lbs.
22 in. 22 in.
Cars 2500–3499 lbs.
24 in. 26 in.
Cars ≥ 3500 lbs.
27 in. 29 in.
Trucks < 2000 lbs.
24 in. 26 in.
Trucks 2000–3000 lbs.
27 in. 29 in.
Trucks 3000–5000 lbs.
28 in. 30 in.
EMISSIONS CONTROL DEVICES
It is illegal to tamper with, remove, or cause not to
work any pollution control device on your vehicle.
Tampering will damage your vehicle and can
cause increased air pollution, lower gas mileage,
less vehicle efficiency, breathing difficulties.
Keep Your Car in Good
Condition
Brakes: Check to see that the pedal
stays well above the floor when you
step on it. If the car pulls to one
side when you use the brakes or if
you hear any scraping or squealing
noises, your brakes may need to be
repaired.
Lights: Check lights often, replace
burned-out bulbs and keep lenses
clean.
Tires: Inspect often for proper
inflation/tire pressure, even tread
wear, and damage.
Windows and Windshields: Keep
the glass clean inside and out.
Rear window: If the rear
window is covered by or treated
with any material that makes it
nontransparent, the vehicle must be
equipped with side mirrors on both
sides that allow the driver a view to
the rear of at least 200 feet.
Read your vehicle owner’s manual!
It is an excellent resource for
information specific to your vehicle,
such as: what types of fluids your car
requires, what dashboard warning
lights mean, what your car services
intervals are, and more.
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 04/23/18 5
.................................................................................................PREPARING TO DRIVE: YOUR VEHICLE
Anti-Lock Brake System
Anti-lock brake system (ABS)
prevents skidding and allows drivers
to steer during an emergency
braking situation. ABS can help
improve vehicle stability, steering
ability, and stopping capability.
It is important to know if your
vehicle has ABS because it will
affect the way you should stop in an
emergency situation. Drivers with
ABS need to press down hard on the
brake pedal, hold it, and steer out of
danger. In an emergency situation,
the ABS automatically pumps
the brakes at a faster rate than the
driver could. Removing steady
pressure from the brake pedal or
pumping the brakes will disengage
or “turn off” the ABS. Drivers with
conventional brakes must pump
the brakes in order to stop in an
emergency situation where traction
is lost and the vehicle slides.
You can determine if the car has
ABS by looking for a lighted ABS
symbol on the dashboard right
after starting the engine, checking
the owner’s manual, or asking the
dealer.
Trailers, Towing, & Load
Equipment requirements:
• Trailer, semitrailer or pole trailer
weighing 3,000 pounds or less:

◆ REAR—two reflectors, one at
each side.*

◆ A brake light if the trailer or
load blocks/hides the brake
lights on the towing vehicle.
• Trailer or semitrailer weighing
more than 3,000 pounds:

◆ FRONT—two clearance
lamps, one at each side.

◆ EACH SIDE—two side
marker lamps, one at or near
the front and one at or near
the rear. Two reflectors, one at
or near the front and one at or
near the rear.

◆ REAR— two clearance lamps,
one at each side, and two
reflectors, one at or near the
front and one at or near the
rear.*

◆ Brakes that can be operated
by the driver in the towing
vehicle. They must be
designed and connected so
that they will automatically
stop the trailer if it breaks
away from the towing vehicle.
• Pole trailer weighing more than
3,000 pounds:

◆ EACH SIDE—one side
marker lamp and one
clearance lamp.

◆ REAR—two reflectors, one at
each side.*
*Every motor vehicle, trailer,
semitrailer, and pole trailer must
have two or more stop lamps (one
stop lamp is permitted on vehicles
built before January 1, 1972).
Drawbar or Towing Connection
The drawbar or towing connection
must:
• be strong enough to pull all
towed weight;
6 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
• not be more than 15 feet long
unless you are towing poles,
pipes, machinery, or other
objects that cannot be easily
taken apart; and
• have a white flag at least 12
inches square attached to it if it
is chain, rope, or cable.
Securing the Load
You must not drive or move any
loaded vehicle on the highway if the
load is not secure. The load must
not be able to drop, shift, leak, or
otherwise escape.
• You must use a close-fitting
cover when hauling loads which
could fall or blow onto the
roadway (e.g., dirt, sand, gravel).
• Every truck carrying logs or
pulpwood must use lock chains
to securely fasten the load.
Projecting Load
A load that extends beyond the sides
of a vehicle and more than four feet
or more beyond its rear must be
clearly marked. During the day, red
flags at least 18 inches square must
mark the extremities of the load.
Requirements from sunset to sunrise,
and during any rain, smoke, or fog:
• two red lamps on the back of
the load that can be seen from at
least 500 feet to the rear;
• two red reflectors on the rear
that can be seen from 100 to
600 feet when directly in front
of low beam headlights, and
located to show the load’s full
width;
• one red lamp on each side of the
load, visible from at least 500
feet to show maximum overhang
of load.
If the trailer or motor vehicle is
transporting logs, pulpwood, poles,
or posts that extend more than four
feet beyond the rear of the load, you
must have one amber strobe-type
lamp equipped so that the lamp is
visible from the rear and both sides
of the projecting load. The lamp
must be operational and seen any
time of day or night.
Passenger vehicles must not be
driven on any highway with a load
extending beyond the fenders on the
left side of the vehicle or extending
more than 6 inches beyond the line
of the fenders on the right side.
Slow Moving Vehicle
Farm vehicles designed for operation
at speeds less than 25
MPH must display this
sign on the rear when
using public highways
(not limited access/interstates). Also,
these vehicles must only be operated
during daylight hours unless
equipped with the proper lights/
reflectors required for night driving.
2
PREPARING TO DRIVE: YOU—THE DRIVER
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 04/23/18 7
Driving an automobile is a huge responsibility. In order to drive safely,
you must be fully engaged: hands on the wheel, eyes on the road, and your
mind on driving. Anything that affects your physical or mental condition
can impair your ability to drive.
Physical Conditions
It is important that you get regular vision, hearing, and general physical
check-ups. Get treatment for illnesses and avoid driving when sick.
Remember that whenever you are prescribed medication, you should ask
your doctor or pharmacist how it can affect your driving.
Drowsy Driving
Drowsy driving can be just as dangerous as drunk driving. Do not drive
when you are tired. It is risky to drive drowsy because fatigue (being sleepy)
can:
• slow down your thought processes and reaction time;
• affect your judgment and vision;
• impair your senses and abilities;
• cause micro-sleeping (“nodding off”) or falling completely asleep.
The two main causes of drowsy driving are lack of quality/quantity of sleep
and driving at times of the day when you would normally be sleeping.
Avoid driving drowsy!
• Don’t drive at times when you would normally be asleep.
• Get a good night’s sleep before you travel.
• On long trips, take a break every 100 miles or 2 hours.
• If you think you might fall asleep—find a safe place to stop and take a
nap.
• Use the “buddy system” and switch drivers when needed.
Emotions
Emotions can have an effect on driving safely. You may not be able to drive
safely if you are worried, excited, crying, angry, or depressed. Emotions
can distract you from your driving because your mind is focused on other
issues, not driving. Your emotional state can alter the way you react—or
overreact—to driving situations. Take time to calm down and get focused
before driving.
8 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Road Rage
Road rage is violent or visibly angry
behavior by a driver which can
result in crashes or other incidents
on roadways. Signs of road rage
include:
• sudden acceleration or braking,
• following too closely;
• cutting off other drivers;
• preventing other vehicles from
merging into your lane;
• excessively hitting the horn or
flashing headlights;
• shouting obscenities or threats;
• making obscene hand gestures;
• intentionally causing a crash;
• getting out of a vehicle in an
attempt to start a confrontation;
• using a weapon or threatening
to use a weapon; and/or
• throwing objects from the
vehicle.
If another driver is threatening you
or intentionally driving dangerously
around you, remain calm and try
to put as much distance between
you and them as possible. Slow
down and let them pass.† Do not
make eye contact; do not make
obscene gestures. If you need help,
call *FHP (*347) or 911.
Distracted Driving
Distracted driving is extremely
risky behavior that puts you and
your passengers in danger, as well
as pedestrians and bicyclists sharing
the road. Focused attention on
driving helps to prevent crashes.
There are three main categories of
driver distraction:
CATEGORIES OF DISTRACTION
Visual
taking your eyes off the road
Manual
taking your hands off the
steering wheel
Cognitive thinking about anything
other than driving
Texting involves all three types of
distractions, making it one of the
most dangerous of distracted driving
behaviors.** However, this is not
the only cause of distracted driving.
Other common distractions include:
• talking on a cell phone;
• watching an object, person, or
event outside of the vehicle;
• reaching for an object;
• interacting with passengers;
• eating or drinking;
• unsecured pets;
• grooming;
• adjusting radio or climate
controls;
• lighting a cigarette;
• daydreaming.
**It is illegal in Florida to operate
a motor vehicle while texting.
In 2016, there were more than 1,400
citations issued in Florida for texting and
driving. (Source: DHSMV.)
†Florida Law states that a driver must move out of the left lane when being
overtaken from behind by another vehicle traveling at a higher rate of speed.
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 04/23/18 9
.......................................................................................... PREPARING TO DRIVE: YOU—THE DRIVER
Drinking & Driving
Alcohol reduces all of the important
skills necessary to drive safely, such
as judgment, reaction, vision, and
concentration. Alcohol is absorbed
into the lining of the stomach
and then passes directly into the
bloodstream and reaches your brain
within minutes after consumption.
A person’s judgment is the first
thing affected after drinking an
alcoholic beverage.
Even one drink of alcohol can affect
your driving. Alcohol slows your
reflexes and reaction time, reduces
your ability to see clearly, and
makes you less alert. You will have
trouble judging distance, speed, and
movement of other vehicles. You
will also have trouble controlling
your vehicle.
If you drink alcohol—even just one
drink—your chances of being in a
crash are much greater than if you
did not drink any alcohol. No one
can drink alcohol and drive safely,
even if you have been driving for
many years.
Because drinking alcohol and
driving is so dangerous, the
penalties are very tough. People who
drive after drinking risk heavy fines,
higher insurance rates, loss of driver
license, and even jail sentences. A
DUI (Driving Under the Influence)
conviction must remain on your
driving record for 75 years.
Do Not Drink and Drive!
• Before drinking, designate a
sober driver.
• If you are the designated driver,
do not drink. One drink is one
too many.
• If you are impaired—and did
not designate a driver—take a
taxi, call a sober family member,
or use public transportation to
get home safely.
• Remember, friends don’t let
friends drive drunk. If you know
someone who is about to drive
impaired, take their keys and
help them get a safe ride home.
Drugged Driving
Driving while impaired by drugs
is illegal and subject to the same
penalties as driving while impaired
by alcohol.
Besides alcohol, there are many
drugs that can affect a person’s
ability to safely operate a vehicle.
This is true for many prescription
drugs, as well as over-the-counter
medications for allergies and colds.
If a person is taking medication,
they should be sure to check
the label for warnings about the
medication’s effects prior to driving.
If they are not sure it is safe to take
the drug and drive, they should ask
their doctor or pharmacist about
any side effects.
Alcohol and drugs should not be
consumed at the same time. Mixing
alcohol and drugs often multiplies
10 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
the effects of the alcohol and any
other drugs. For example, one
drink, when you are also taking an
allergy or cold medication, could
have the same effect as several
drinks.
Illegal drugs and controlled
substances, such as marijuana, also
affect a person’s reflexes, judgment
and alertness along with their many
other dangerous side effects. These
drugs can give a person a false sense
of alertness and self-confidence or
make a person drowsy and unable to
react to simple situations.
Older Drivers
As we age, physical changes require
us to adapt so that we can continue
to drive safely. Older drivers should:
• get regular medical and eye
exams to identify physical and
mental conditions that may
affect driving.
• ask the doctor or pharmacist
how medications—especially
when taken in combination
with other medications—affect
driving.
• consult with a doctor about an
exercise program to maintain
the flexibility and strength
needed for safe driving.
• make vehicle adjustments as
necessary. If it becomes difficult
to turn the steering wheel, get
a steering knob. If you have
difficulty turning your head to
check blind spots, get a larger
side mirror.
• avoid wearing sunglasses in dim
or dark conditions.
• avoid risky driving times:

◆ Dusk, dawn, and nighttime.

◆ Bad weather.

◆ Rush-hour traffic.

◆ Fast-paced highways.
Florida GrandDriver provides
information about various steps
drivers may take to maintain
independence as long as possible, as
well as actions one can take to stay
mobile in their community when
no longer driving. To learn more,
search for “Florida GrandDriver” on
the DHSMV website: flhsmv.gov.
Florida 511 Traffic Info
Always be prepared! The Florida
511 Traveler Information System is
a toll-free service by the Florida
Department of Transportation
that provides real-time traffic
information on crashes, travel
times, congestion, lane closures,
severe weather, and construction on
Florida’s interstates, toll roads, and
other major metropolitan roadways.
There are four convenient ways for
motorists to receive traffic updates:*
• Call 511 (English and Spanish).
• Visit FL511.com.
• Get the free “Florida 511” app.
• Follow any of the statewide,
regional, or roadway-specific
feeds on Twitter.
*Use these resources before driving—
or when pulled over in a safe place.
3
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 04/23/18 11
OCCUPANT PROTECTION
Seat Belts & Child
Restraints
Seat belts save lives, but only if
worn correctly every time you are in
a motor vehicle! You are far more
likely to be killed in a crash if you
are not wearing a seat belt. In a
crash, your seat belt keeps you:
• from being ejected from the
vehicle;
• from being thrown against other
passengers, your steering wheel,
or windshield; and
• behind the wheel, where you
can control the vehicle.
Wear both the lap belt and the
shoulder belt. Wear your lap belt
around your hips and wear your
shoulder belt across your chest.
Your seat belt will not work if it is
tucked behind you. Airbags are not
a substitute for seat belts!
Florida law requires that all drivers,
all front seat passengers, and all
passengers under the age of 18
wear seat belts.* Children under
age 4 must be in a safety seat, and
children ages 4 and 5 must be in
either a safety seat or a booster seat.
Drivers will be charged with a seat
belt/child restraint violation if any
passenger under the age of 18 is not
restrained with the proper seat belt
or child restraint device. Passengers
18 years old or older will be charged
with the violation if they fail to wear
a seat belt when required by law.
In 2016, more than 224,000 Florida
teen drivers received citations, of
which 7,279 were for seat belt
violations. (Source: DHSMV.)
Each passenger on a school bus
equipped with safety belts or
restraint systems shall wear a
properly adjusted and fastened
safety belt at all times while the bus
is in operation.
Florida law exempts the following
from the seat belt requirements:
• A person certified by a physician
as having a medical condition
that causes seat belt use to be
inappropriate or dangerous.
(Keep a copy of certification
while driving/being driven.)
• Employee of a newspaper home
delivery service while delivering
newspapers.
• School buses purchased new
prior to December 31, 2000.
• Buses used for transportation of
persons for compensation.
• Farm equipment.
• Trucks of a net weight of more
than 26,000 pounds.
• A seat belt (without booster
seat) may only be used for
children 4–5 years of age when
the driver is not a member of
the child’s immediate family and
the child is being transported as
a favor or in an emergency.
*Some exemptions apply to cars manufactured prior to 1968 and trucks prior to 1972.
12 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
It is the parent or guardian’s responsibility to supply the proper child
restraint when transporting a child in a vehicle for hire (e.g., taxi, bus,
limousine).
The best child seat is one that fits your child, fits your car, and that you
will use correctly every time. Read the car seat’s instruction manual and the
portion of your vehicle’s owner manual on car seat installation. In passenger
vehicles, children under 13 should be secured in the rear seat; airbags can
injure or kill young children in the front seat. Never place a rear-facing car
seat in front of an airbag.
Leaving Children Unsupervised in Motor Vehicles
Never leave a child unattended or unsupervised in a motor vehicle; it is
extremely dangerous and can result in the child’s injury or death! Florida
law states that a parent, legal guardian, or other person responsible for a
child younger than 6 years of age must not leave the child unattended or
unsupervised in a motor vehicle for a period in excess of 15 minutes or for
any period of time if the motor of the vehicle is running, the health of
the child is in danger, or the child appears to be in distress. A violation
of this law is a second degree misdemeanor; a violation that causes great
bodily harm, permanent disability, or permanent disfigurement to a child is
considered a third degree felony.
4
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 04/23/18 13
TRAFFIC CONTROLS
Pavement Markings
Lines, symbols, and words are painted on roadways to
help direct drivers and control traffic flow. You must
know what the different lines, colors, and symbols mean
and obey them.
Unless you are turning, exiting a highway, or changing
lanes, always stay between the lines marking your lane.
Edge Lines
Solid lines along the side of the road mark the edge of
the pavement.
• Single solid white line. Marks the right edge of the
pavement.
• Single solid yellow line. Marks the left edge of the
pavement on divided highways and one-way streets.
White Lane Lines
White lane lines separate lanes of traffic moving in the
same direction.
• Single broken white line. You may cross this line
to change lanes when it is safe to do so.
• Single solid white line. You may travel in the
same direction on both sides of this line, but do
not cross the line unless you must do so to avoid a
hazard. Also used to discourage lane changes near
intersections.
• Double solid white lines. Crossing a double solid
line/changing lanes is not allowed.
Yellow Lane Lines
Yellow lane lines separate lanes of traffic moving in
opposite directions.
• Single broken yellow line. Stay to the right of the
line. You may cross this line to pass a car ahead of
you on the left only when it is safe to do so.
• Double solid yellow lines. Vehicles moving in
either direction must not pass/cross these lines
(unless turning left when it is safe to do so).
Edge Lines
Broken White Line
Solid White Line
Broken Yellow Line
Double White Lines
14 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
• Double yellow lines–solid on right (“your side”
of line), broken on left. Passing is not allowed in
this lane. (May turn left when safe to do so.)
• Double yellow lines–broken on right (“your side”
of line), solid on left. Passing is permitted in this
lane when safe to do so.
Turn Lanes
Arrows are often used with white lane lines to show
which turn may be made from the lane.
• Lane is marked with a curved arrow and the word
“ONLY”: you must turn in the direction of the
arrow.
• Lane is marked with both a curved and straight
arrow: you may either turn or go straight.
• Two-way roadway with center lane: drivers from
either direction may use the center lane for left
turns; you must not use for passing.
Reversible Lanes
Some highways have reversible traffic lanes to help
handle rush-hour traffic. The direction of traffic is
normally reversed at set times each day. These lanes are
marked with special pavement markings, lane signals,
and signs.
Bicycle Lanes
Some roads have pavement markings that show lanes
specifically designated for the exclusive use of bicycles or
for shared use.
• Exclusive bike lane. Solid white lines separate these
bike lanes from motor vehicle travel lanes. Often
marked with bike lane signs/symbols.
• Shared-use lane. Marked with “sharrows.” These
markings alert motorists that bicyclists may use the
entire lane, indicate to bicyclists where to ride, and
discourage bicycling in the wrong direction.
White Stop Lines
Stop lines show where you must stop for a stop sign or
red light. You must stop your vehicle before any part of
it crosses the line before the crosswalk.
Double Yellow Lines
Double Yellow Lines
(limited passing)
Turn Lanes
Center Turn Lane
Reversable Lane
Bike Lane
Crosswalks
Marked with solid white lines and sometimes filled
with white diagonal or perpendicular lines. Shows
where pedestrians should cross. Motorists must always
yield the right-of-way to pedestrians in a crosswalk.
Other Markings
• Curbs are often marked yellow in no parking zones
near fire hydrants or intersections.
• Yellow or white diagonal stripes mark fixed
obstructions (medians, no parking zones, etc.).
• It is illegal to park in or drive through areas that
have pavement markings indicating fire lanes or
safety zones.
Sharrow
Stop Line & Crosswalk
Right-of-way rules tells motorists, pedestrians, and bicyclists who
goes first and who must wait in different traffic situations. The laws
say who must yield (give up) the right-of-way.
Traffic Signs
TRAFFIC SIGN COLORS
Red
Stop. Do not enter. Wrong way. Yield.
Orange
Construction and maintenance warning.
Yellow
General warning. Advisory of unexpected
roadway conditions.
Fluorescent
Yellow Green
High emphasis warning of school, pedestrian,
and bicycling activity.
White/Black
Regulatory. Control traffic; set limits, or give
commands.
Green
Guide, or directional information.
Blue
Motorist services guidance. It is also used to
identify parking spaces for disabled drivers.
Brown
Areas of public recreation, cultural, and
historical significance.
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Traffic Sign Shapes
Octagon
Stop
Triangle
Yield
Diamond
Warn of existing or
possible hazards
Pennant
No passing zones
Crossbuck
Railroad crossing
Round
Railroad
advance warning
Pentagon
School advance/
school crossing
Rectangle
(Vertical)
Regulatory
Rectangle
(Horizontal)
Guide
Regulatory Signs
Regulatory signs control traffic; they set limits or give commands and are
enforceable by law.
Stop sign. You must bring your vehicle to a complete
halt at the stop line. If there is no stop line, stop before
entering the crosswalk. If there is no marked crosswalk,
stop before entering the intersection at a point near the
intersecting roadway where you have a clear view of
approaching traffic.
Four-way stop/4-Way stop. Traffic from all four directions
must stop. Vehicles proceed through the intersection in
the order that they arrived at the intersection; the first
vehicle to reach the intersection should move forward first.
If vehicles arrive at approximately the same time, each
driver must yield to the drivers on their right.
Yield. You must slow down and give vehicles crossing your
path the right-of-way. If the way is clear, you may move
forward slowly without stopping.
Do Not Enter. On one-way streets and roadways that you
are not allowed to enter. You may see this sign if you enter
an expressway ramp in the wrong direction. Turn around!
Wrong Way. You are going the wrong way on an
expressway exit ramp. Do not drive past this sign! Turn
around immediately.
16 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
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................................................................................................................................TRAFFIC CONTROLS
No Passing. You are entering a no passing zone.
Pass with Care. You are allowed to pass, but do so with
caution.
NO symbol. Red circle with red slash. The sign
shows what you are not allowed to do.
No U-Turn. You must not make a complete turn to go in
the opposite direction where this sign is displayed.
No Right Turn. You must not make a right turn at this
intersection.
Speed Limit. Your speed must not exceed the posted
speed in this area.
Speeding Fines Doubled. Posted in active school and
work zones. Fines will be doubled if you are cited for
speeding in this area.
Must Turn. You cannot go straight ahead. You must turn
either to the right or left.
One Way. You must travel only in the direction of the
arrow.
Keep Right. Stay to the right of the divider.
No Turn on Red. You must not turn right or left during
the red light. You must wait for the green signal.
Left Lane Must Turn. Traffic in left lane must turn left at
the intersection ahead (also Right Lane Must Turn).
Turn Lanes. At the intersection ahead, traffic in left lane
must turn left and traffic in adjoining lane may turn left or
continue straight ahead.
No Turns. You must not turn either to the right or to the
left at this intersection.
Center Turn Lane. The center lane is shared for left turns
in both directions of travel.
Begin Right Turn. When entering a right turn lane you
may encounter bicyclists traveling straight; you must yield
to the bicyclists.
Exit Speed. This sign lists the maximum recommended
safe speed for an exit ramp on an expressway. Slow down
to the posted speed.
Slower Traffic Keep Right. Slower driving traffic must
stay in right hand lane unless passing. Slower traffic must
move out of left hand lane when being overtaken by a
faster vehicle.
Restricted Lane Ahead. A diamond-shaped marking
shows that a lane is reserved for certain purposes or certain
vehicles, such as buses or carpool vehicles during rush
hour traffic. Also used in bike lanes.
Emergency Stopping Only. You must only stop for
emergencies.
No Parking on Pavement. If you stop, you must always
park off the pavement of the highway.
Parking by Disabled Permit Only. Parking in this space
is only for vehicles displaying an official disabled parking
permit and transporting a person with a disability.
Move Over. When approaching stopped emergency or
service vehicles with flashing lights, you must move over
a lane. If you can’t move over, reduce speed to 20 MPH
below posted limit.
BEGIN
RIGHT TURN LANE
YIELD TO BIKES
Warning Signs
These signs give you advance notice of possible hazards. Drive with caution.
Reduction of Lanes. There will be fewer lanes ahead. The
right lane ends and traffic must merge left. Drivers in the
left lane should allow others to merge smoothly.
Divided Highway Ahead. The highway ahead is divided
by a median or physical barrier. Keep to the right.
18 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Divided Highway Ends. The divided highway on which
you are traveling ends 350 to 500 feet ahead. You will then
be on a roadway with two-way traffic. Keep to the right.
Merging Traffic. You are coming to a point where another
traffic lane joins the one you are on. Watch for other traffic
and be ready to yield the right-of-way when necessary.
Pavement Ends. The paved surface ahead changes to a
gravel or earth road.
Low Clearance. Do not enter if your vehicle is taller than
the height listed on the sign.
Slippery Surface. In wet weather, drive slowly. Do not
speed up or brake quickly. Make turns at a very slow
speed.
Dip. There is a low place in the road. Go slowly and be
ready to stop and turn around if the dip is filled with
water.
Bicycle Crossing. A bike-way crosses the roadway ahead.
Watch for bicyclists.
Pedestrian Crossing. Watch for people crossing the street.
Slow down or stop to yield for pedestrians.
Animal Crossing. The animal pictured on the sign is
common in this area; watch for animals crossing the road
particularly during twilight and nighttime hours.
Truck Crossing. Watch for trucks entering or crossing the
highway.
Narrow Bridge. The bridge is wide enough to
accommodate two lanes of traffic, but with very little
clearance. Stay in your lane.
One Lane Bridge. The bridge is wide enough for only
one vehicle at a time. Make sure the bridge is clear of
oncoming traffic before you cross.
Soft Shoulder. The ground on the side of the road is soft.
Don’t leave the pavement except in an emergency.
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Right Curve. The road will curve to the right. Slow your
speed and do not pass other vehicles.
Double Curve. The road will curve to the right, then to
the left. Slow your speed and do not pass other vehicles.
Winding Road. There are several curves ahead. Drive
slowly and carefully and do not pass other vehicles.
Cross Road. A road crosses the main highway ahead.
Look to the left and right for other traffic.
Side Road. Another road enters the highway from the
direction shown. Watch for traffic from that direction.
Sharp Right Turn. The road will make a sharp turn to the
right. Slow your speed and do not pass other vehicles.
Hill/Downgrade. The road goes downhill ahead. Slow
down and be ready to shift to lower gear to control speed.
Advisory Speed Sign. The highest safe speed you should
travel around the curve ahead is the one posted. Advisory
speed signs may be used with any warning sign.
Speed Reduction Sign. Advance notice to upcoming
speed limit change.
Yield Ahead. Yield sign ahead. Slow down and be
prepared to stop at a yield sign or adjust speed to traffic.
Traffic Signal Ahead. A traffic signal is at the intersection
ahead. Slow down; poor visibility is likely.
Stop Sign Ahead. Slow down and be ready to stop at the
stop sign.
Two-Way Traffic Ahead. The one-way street or roadway
is about to change to two-way traffic; there will be
oncoming traffic.
Roundabout Circle. Provides advance notice of a
roundabout. Prepare to slow down and possibly yield to
traffic in the roundabout.
20 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Informational Signs
Green Guide Signs give information about directions and
distances. East-West routes have even numbers and North-
South have odd numbers. In Florida, mile markers indicate
your location on an interstate and match with exit numbers.
Blue and White Service Signs direct you to services, such as
gas, food, motels, and hospitals.
Brown and White Signs point out scenic areas, parks, and
areas of cultural/historical significance.
The Florida Department of Transportation’s 511 Traffic
Information Service provides real-time traffic updates.
Traffic Control Signals
Traffic signals are placed at intersections to keep traffic
moving and to help prevent crashes. Drivers, pedestrians,
and bicycle riders must obey these signals except when an
officer is directing traffic. If a traffic signal is out of order,
treat the light/intersection as a four-way stop sign (p. 16).
Steady Signal Lights
Red Light
• Come to a complete stop at the stop line. Remain
stopped until light turns green.
• Don’t stop too far away from the stop line. Some signals
change only when their sensors detect vehicles at the
stop line.
• After stopping, you may turn right if there is not a NO
TURN ON RED sign and the way is clear.
• You may turn left from a one-way street onto a one-way
street that has traffic moving to the left.
• Before turning, you must yield the right-of-way to
pedestrians in the crosswalk and oncoming traffic.
• Running (driving through) the red light is against
the law and is extremely dangerous!
Yellow Light
• Warning—the light is changing to red.
• Stop if you can safely do so. It is extremely dangerous to
be in an intersection when the light turns red.
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Green Light
• Go, but only if the intersection is clear.
• Yield to pedestrians in the crosswalk and vehicles still
in the intersection.
• Approach at a speed that will allow you to slow down
if the light changes.
Red Arrow
• Do not make the movement shown by the arrow until
the green light appears.
• After stopping, you may turn right if there is not a
NO TURN ON RED sign and the way is clear.
• You may turn left from a one-way street onto a one-
way street that has traffic moving to the left.
• You must yield the right-of-way to pedestrians in the
crosswalk and to oncoming traffic.
Yellow Arrow (steady)
• The green arrow is ending or the light is about to turn
red.
• Stop if you can safely do so.
Yellow Arrow (flashing)
• Left turns are allowed in the direction of the arrow.
• The oncoming traffic has a green light. Yield to
oncoming traffic and pedestrians.
Green Arrow
• You may make a turn in the direction of the arrow.
• If the red light is illuminated at the same time, you
must be in the proper lane for such a turn.
• You must yield the right-of-way to vehicles and
pedestrians in the intersection.
Flashing Signal Lights
Flashing Red Light. Used at dangerous intersections.
Treat it like a stop sign; stop and proceed when safe.
Flashing Yellow Light. Used at, or just before, dangerous
intersections. Also used to alert you to a warning sign such
as a school crossing or sharp curve. Proceed with caution.

22 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Lane Signals
Lane signals are used:
• when the direction of the flow of traffic changes during
the day.
• to show that a toll booth is open or closed.
• to show which lanes are opened or closed.
Red X. Never drive in a lane under the red X.
Yellow X. The lane signal is about to turn red.
Green Arrow. You may use this lane and you must also
obey all other signs and signals.
Ramp Signals
Ramp signals:
• control the rate of vehicles entering an expressway.
• alternate between red and green; you must wait for the
green signal before entering the expressway.
Pedestrian Signals
Pedestrian signals show words or pictures to indicate when
it is safe—or not—to use the crosswalk.
WALK or “walking person.” You may begin to cross the
street.
DON’T WALK or “raised hand.” Never enter the
crosswalk or begin crossing the street when the raised hand
is flashing or solid. If you are already in the crosswalk
when this signal begins flashing, quickly finish crossing the
street.
Countdown Signal. The countdown starts at the
beginning of the DON’T START (flashing hand phase)
and ends with a zero and a DON’T WALK (solid hand)
phase. Once the countdown starts and the hand is flashing,
it is no longer safe to enter the crosswalk.
Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon (RRFB). Push the
button to activate the signal. Once the lights begin to
flash and the approaching traffic stops, use the crosswalk.
Motorists must stop and yield to pedestrians in crosswalk.
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Zones of Caution
School Zone Signs & Signals
School Sign. You are near a school. Watch for children at
all times, not just during school hours.
School Crossing. Slow down and watch for children
crossing the road. Stop if necessary. Obey signals from any
crossing guards.
Begin School Zone. Do not exceed the school zone speed
limit during indicated times or when light is flashing.
End School Zone. Marks the end of a reduced speed
school zone.
Railroad Crossing Signs & Signals
There are several signs, signals, and pavement markings
that indicate highway-railroad crossings. When you see
any of these, slow down and be ready to stop. Do not stop
on the railroad tracks or within 15 feet of the crossing.
Any driver or pedestrian approaching a railroad-highway
grade crossing must stop within 50 feet, but not less than
15 feet, from the nearest rail of the railroad when:
• the warning devices are flashing.
• the crossing gate is lowered.
• a human flagger is warning of an approaching train.
• an approaching train is clearly visible.
Pavement Marking. Markings may be painted on the
paved approach to a crossing before the stop line.
Advance Warning Sign. This is usually the first sign you
see when approaching a highway-railroad crossing.
Crossbuck Sign. These are yield signs; you must yield
the right-of-way to trains. A sign below the crossbuck will
show the number of tracks if there is more than one track.
Flashing Red Light Signals. At many crossings, the
crossbuck sign has flashing red lights and bells. When the
lights begin to flash...stop immediately! A train
is approaching.
24 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Gates. Many crossings have gates with flashing red lights
and bells. Stop when the lights begin to flash and before
the gate lowers across your road lane. It is against the law
to drive around or under a crossing gate—either down
or while being opened or closed—and it is extremely
dangerous.
Remember:
• Slow down when approaching railroad crossings.
• Be prepared to stop especially when following buses or
trucks; many are required to stop at railroad crossings
even when gates are up/lights are not flashing.
• If there is more than one track, make sure all tracks are
clear before crossing.
• In heavy traffic, make sure there is room for your
vehicle on the other side of the track before crossing.
• Trains often appear to be traveling at a slower speed
than they actually are, and they cannot stop quickly.
Don’t try to “beat the train;” the train always wins.
Drawbridge Signs & Signals
Drawbridges are mechanical bridges over navigable waters
that raise or turn to allow marine traffic to go under them.
Flashing Yellow Signal. When the yellow light is flashing,
the drawbridge is in operation. Slow down and prepare to
stop.
Drawbridge Signal
• Red. Come to a complete stop at the marked stop line.
The bridge is in operation and the roadway is closed to
all pedestrian and motor vehicle traffic.
• Yellow. The light is about to turn red. Stop if you can
safely do so. The bridge is about to start operation.
• Green. Proceed with caution.
Gates. Many drawbridges have gates with flashing red
lights and bells. Stop when the lights begin to flash and
before the gate lowers across your road lane. It is against
the law to drive around or under a crossing gate—
either down or while being opened or closed—and it is
extremely dangerous.
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 04/23/18 25
................................................................................................................................TRAFFIC CONTROLS
Construction/Maintenance Signs & Signals
Various traffic control devices are used in road
construction and maintenance work areas to direct
drivers and pedestrians safely through the work site. Be
prepared to reduce your speed and use caution when
directed to do so by a sign, flagger, or law enforcement
officer. Failure to do so is illegal and is dangerous to
those working in the construction zone. (Signs will
indicate where speeding fines will be doubled when
workers are present).
Construction and Maintenance Signs. The signs—
usually diamond shaped and/or orange in color—notify
drivers of unusual or potentially dangerous conditions
near work areas.
Channeling Devices
• Barricades, vertical panels, drums, and cones.
• Alert drivers of unusual or potentially dangerous
conditions in highway and street work zones.
• Guide drivers safely through the work area.
• May be equipped with warning lights at night.
• Stripes on barricades and panel devices slope
downward in the direction traffic must travel.
Flashing Arrow Panels. Used both during the day
and at night to give advance warning and directional
information when it is necessary to move to another
lane.
Flaggers. People who work in roadway construction/
maintenance zones to stop, slow, or guide traffic
safely through the area. Flaggers wear bright colored/
fluorescent vests or jackets and use red flags or signs to
direct traffic through work zones.
26 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
5
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 04/23/18 27
DRIVING SAFELY
Speed Limits
Obeying speed limits improves safety by reducing the probability and
severity of crashes. Speed limit signs tell you the maximum safe speed when
both weather conditions and visibility are favorable.
Speeding is extremely dangerous. The faster you drive, the greater the
impact or striking power of your vehicle:
• When you double the speed of a car, you increase its force of impact
four times.
• When you triple the speed of a car, you increase its force of impact
nine times.
Speeding is against the law. You must obey the speed limit and you are
responsible for knowing the speed limit when you are driving. (The
“speeding buffer” is a myth; you are not “allowed” to drive up to 10 MPH
over the speed limit.) Observe and obey posted speed limit signs. Speeding is
the #1 citation written for teens. (Source: DHSMV.)
Florida Standard Speed Limits
School Zones
20 MPH
Municipal, Business, or Residential Area
30 MPH*
Streets and Highways
55 MPH*
Rural Interstate
70 MPH**
Limited Access Highways (see definition pg. 34)
70 MPH
*maximum speed except where otherwise posted.
**on some rural Interstate highways.
Speed limits show the fastest speed you may drive under ideal conditions.
You are responsible for adjusting your driving speed to the weather,
roadway, and traffic conditions. For example, during a storm, you should
drive slower than the posted speed. The safest speed is the one that allows
you to have complete control of your vehicle and avoid collisions.
However, driving too slowly is also against Florida law. You must not drive
so slowly that you block or delay traffic moving at normal, safe speeds. You
should drive with the flow of traffic, within the speed limit. When driving
slower than the flow of traffic, keep right so others may safely pass. On
highways, when the posted speed limit is 70 MPH, the minimum speed
limit is 50 MPH.
28 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Braking Distance
END ZONE
END ZONE
Perception Distance: how far your vehicle travels—in good weather
conditions—from the time your eyes see a hazard until your brain
recognizes it. Perception distance can be affected by mental and physical
conditions, medication, as well as visibility and the hazard itself. The
average perception time for an alert driver is ¾ second to 1 second.
Reaction Distance: how far you will continue to travel after seeing the
hazard until you physically hit the brakes. The average driver has a reaction
time of ¾ second to 1 second. At 50 MPH, this accounts for 55 feet
traveled.
Braking Distance: how far your vehicle will travel—in good weather
conditions— while you are braking. At 50 MPH, on dry pavement and
with good brakes, it can take about 158 feet.
High speeds greatly increase stopping distances and severity of crashes. The
faster you drive, the greater the impact or striking power of your vehicle.
• Double your speed from 20 to 40 MPH, the braking distance and
impact are 4 times greater.
• Triple the speed from 20 to 60 MPH, the braking distance and impact
are 9 times greater. (Stopping distance is equal to a football field.)
• Quadruple your speed from 20 to 80 MPH, the braking distance and
impact are 16 times greater.
Total Stopping Distance: the total minimum distance your vehicle will
travel—including perception distance, reaction distance, and braking
distance—until you can bring your vehicle to a complete stop. At 50 MPH,
you will travel a minimum of 268 feet...nearly the length of a football field.
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 04/23/18 29
.......................................................................................................................................DRIVING SAFELY
Smooth Stops
Stopping suddenly is dangerous
and usually caused by not paying
attention to the traffic flow or
following others too closely. Sudden
stops make it difficult for drivers
behind you to avoid a rear-end
collision.
• Check mirrors and blind spots
for traffic to the rear.
• Release accelerator to allow
vehicle to slow. Press brake pedal
to activate brake lights and use
a steady pressure for a smooth
stop.
Making Turns
• You must use vehicle directional
signals or hand signals to show
other drivers that you are about
to turn.
• Turn signals are also required
by law when changing lanes or
overtaking a vehicle.
• You must give a turn signal for
at least 100 feet
BEFORE you
make your turn.
• It is against
the law to use
your directional
signals to tell
drivers behind
you that they
can pass.
• Hand signals
must be given
from the left
side of the
vehicle.
Turning a corner may seem to be a
simple operation, but many traffic
crashes are caused by drivers who do
not turn correctly.
1. Slow down to a safe turning
speed.
2. Move into the correct lane as
you near the intersection. The
correct lane for a right turn is
the right-most lane.
3. You must activate your turn
signal at least 100 feet before
making your turn. Allow time
for drivers around you to see
your signal before you move.
4. Obey NO TURN ON RED or
STOP HERE signs.
5. Yield to bicyclists when crossing
a bike lane and to pedestrians
who may be crossing your path.
6. Stay in the proper lane during
your turn. Yield the right-of-way
to vehicles and bicycles coming
from the opposite direction.
7. Finish your turn in the proper
lane. Turn right into the right
lane of the roadway entered. A
left turn may be completed in
any lane lawfully available—or
safe—for the desired direction
of travel.
Never make last minute turns. If
you reach an intersection where
you wish to turn and are not in
the proper lane, drive to the next
intersection and then make the turn
from the proper lane.
*Note: Bicyclists may extend right hand and arm
horizontally from right side of bicycle for right turn.
30 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Three-Point Turn
Sometimes you will need to turn
around in a very small space. Use
a three-point turn only if the road
is too narrow for a U-turn and you
can’t go around the block.
To make a three-point turn:
1. Move as far right as possible,
check traffic, and signal a left
turn. Turn the steering wheel
sharply to the left and move
forward slowly. Stop at the curb.
2. Shift to reverse, turn your
wheels sharply to the right,
check traffic, and back your
vehicle to the right curb.
3. Shift the vehicle into drive and
pull forward carefully.
Never make a three-point turn
or a U-turn on a curve, a hill, the
highway, or where there is a sign
that prohibits U-turns.
Intersections
Many intersections are marked
with stop lines to show where you
must come to a complete stop.
Always stop behind stop lines. After
a complete stop, you must yield
the right-of-way to all other traffic
already in the intersection and to
pedestrians. Move forward only
when the road is clear.
• The first vehicle to stop should
move forward first (see page 16).
• If two vehicles reach the
intersection at the same time,
the driver on the left yields to
the driver on the right.
• At a two-way stop, the turning
vehicle yields to the vehicle
going straight.
Right-of-Way
Right-of-way rules tell you who goes
first and who must wait in different
conditions. The law says who must
yield (give up) the right-of-way. Every
driver, motorcyclist, moped rider,
bicyclist, and pedestrian must do
everything possible to avoid a crash.
Open Intersections
An open intersection is one without
traffic control signs or signals. When
you enter an open intersection, you
must yield the right-of-way if:
• a vehicle is already in the
intersection;
• you enter or cross a state
highway from a secondary road;
• you enter a paved road from an
unpaved road; or
• you plan to make a left turn and
a vehicle is approaching from the
opposite direction.
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.......................................................................................................................................DRIVING SAFELY
When two cars enter an open
intersection at the same time, the
driver on the left must yield to the
driver on the right.
Roundabouts
Roundabouts are circular
intersections with no traffic signal.
• Roundabouts travel in a
one-way counter-clockwise
direction.
• Drivers entering the
roundabout must yield to traffic
already in the roundabout.
• If there is no traffic in the
roundabout, you may enter
without yielding.
• Do not change lanes in the
roundabout.
• Do not stop in a roundabout.
• Signal before exiting the
roundabout.
Multi-Lane Roundabouts: have
the same rules as single-lane
roundabouts, however you will
need to choose the proper lane prior
to entering the roundabout. To go
straight or right, use the right lane.
To go straight or left, and to make a
U-turn, use the left lane.
Prior to entering or exiting the
roundabout, drivers must yield
to pedestrians in the crosswalks.
Bicyclists may take the lane in the
roundabout or use the sidewalk.
Driveways
Drivers entering a road from a
driveway, alley, or roadside must
yield to vehicles already on the main
road, as well as to pedestrians and
bicyclists on the sidewalk or in bike
lanes.
Traffic Lanes
On a two-lane highway you must
always drive in the right lane unless
you are overtaking and passing
(where permitted).
If the road has four or more lanes
with two-way traffic, drive in the
right lanes except when overtaking
and passing.
The center lane of a three-lane or
five-lane highway is used only for
turning left.
HOV Lanes. Some highways
reserve the left lane for vehicles
with two or more occupants or
hybrid/low emission vehicles.
These High Occupancy Vehicle
(HOV) lanes are identified by signs/
diamond pavement symbols, and
are separated by a striped buffer
zone. Vehicles may enter and exit
the HOV lane only at designated
points.
32 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Bike Lanes. Motorized vehicles are
not allowed to drive in bike lanes;
they may cross over them when
turning at intersections, but only
when no bicyclists are present in the
bike lane.
Red Reflectors. Red reflectors on
lane lines always mean you are
facing traffic the wrong way and
could have a head-on collision.
• If you see red reflectors facing
you on the lane lines, you are on
the wrong side of the road. Turn
around or get into the proper
lane immediately!
• If you see red reflectors on the
edge lines of the road, you are
going the wrong way on an
entrance or exit ramp. Pull over
immediately! Turn around when
it is safe to do so.
Safe Following Distances
Rear-end collisions are almost
always caused by drivers following
too closely. Maintaining a large
enough following distance (the
space between you and the vehicle
in front of you) greatly helps you
to avoid a collision with the vehicle
in front of you. The more distance
between your vehicle and others, the
more time you have to react. Keep
a minimum following distance of
four seconds during normal weather
and traffic conditions. (Increase
following distance during unusual
weather or traffic conditions.)

Determine your following
distance:
1. Watch when the rear of the
vehicle ahead passes a stationary
marker such as a sign or light
pole.
2. Count the seconds it takes you
to reach the same marker: “One-
thousand-one, one-thousand-
two, one-thousand-three, one-
thousand-four.”
3. If you pass the stationary
marker before counting to one-
thousand-four, you are following
too closely.
4. Reduce speed and then count
again at another stationary
point. Repeat until you are
following no closer than four-
seconds.
Increase your following distance
in these situations:
• Rain or when roads are wet.
• Low visibility—dusk, dawn,
nighttime, fog, etc.
• When being passed (more space
in front of your vehicle so the
pass can be completed safely).
• Carrying a heavy load or pulling
a trailer. (The extra weight
makes it more difficult to stop
quickly/steer correctly.)
• When stopped behind another
vehicle on an incline; it may roll
back before moving forward.
• When following:

◆ Motorcycles. The chances of a
motorcyclist falling are greater
on wet or gravel roads, or
metal surfaces such as bridges.
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.......................................................................................................................................DRIVING SAFELY
You will need extra stopping/
steering distance to avoid
hitting the bike/rider.

◆ Emergency vehicles. It is
against the law to follow a
fire truck responding to a fire
alarm closer than 500 feet.

◆ Vehicles required to come to a
stop at railroad crossings, such
as city buses, school buses, and
vehicles carrying hazardous
materials.

◆ Vehicles with a blocked rear
view. Drivers of trucks, buses,
vans, or vehicles pulling
trailers may not be able to see
your vehicle when you are
directly behind them.
If your vehicle is being followed too
closely, slow down and keep to the
right.
Following Distance for Trucks
A truck or any vehicle towing
another vehicle must not follow
within 300 feet of another truck
or vehicle towing a vehicle. This
law does not apply to overtaking
and passing, and it does not apply
within cities or towns.
Blind Spots
Blind spots are areas near the left
and right rear corners of your
vehicle that you can’t see in your
rear-view mirrors or with your
peripheral vision. Before you move
to change lanes on a highway or to
pass on any road, turn your head to
make sure these areas are clear.
Do not drive in someone else’s blind
spot. Move forward or drop back so
that the other driver can see you.
The larger the vehicle, the larger the
blind spots. Large trucks and SUVs
have blind spots close to the rear of
the vehicle that cannot be seen in
rear-view mirrors. (See “No Zones”
on page 44.)
Passing
1. You must activate your signal
before moving into the left lane
to let others know that you are
about to change lanes to pass.
2. Stay a safe distance behind the
vehicle you want to pass—the
closer you get, the less you can
see ahead.
3. Before you pull out to pass,
check blind spots and make sure
that you have plenty of time and
room to pass.
4. Tap your horn (day) or flash
your headlights (night) to let
34 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
the other driver know you are
passing.
5. Do not return to the right side
of the road until you can see the
tires of the vehicle you passed
in your rear-view mirror. Signal
when you are about to return to
your lane.
6. You must return to the right
side of the road before coming
within 200 feet of any vehicle
coming from the opposite
direction.
You should not attempt to pass
more than one vehicle at a time.
Passing multiple vehicles is
dangerous.
Stay within the speed limit. It is not
legal to exceed the speed limit while
passing.
Passing on the Right
Pulling off the roadway to pass on
the right is against the law. Passing
on the right is only legal when there
are two or more lanes of traffic
moving in the same direction or the
vehicle you are passing is making a
left turn.
You Must Not Pass:
• where there is a single solid
line, or double-sided solid line
dividing lanes;
• when the double-sided yellow
line is solid in your lane;
• in Do Not Pass and No Passing
zones;
• on hills or curves where you
can’t see at least 500 feet ahead;
• within 100 feet of a bridge,
viaduct, tunnel, railroad
crossing, or intersection;
• when a school bus is stopped
and has its warning flashers on
and stop sign extended;
• at crosswalks where a vehicle has
stopped to allow a pedestrian to
cross.
Being Passed
You must not increase your speed
while you are being passed. Move
to the right side of your lane to give
passing drivers more room and a
better view of the road ahead.
Limited-Access Highways
Limited-access highways—also
called expressways, interstate
highways, turnpikes, toll roads, and
freeways—are multiple-lane roads
with no stop signs, traffic lights,
or railroad crossings. Pedestrians,
hitchhikers, bicycles, animal-drawn
vehicles, and motor-driven cycles/
motor scooters (with 150 cubic
centimeter displacement or less)
are not allowed on limited-access
highways.
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.......................................................................................................................................DRIVING SAFELY
Entering & Leaving Limited Access/Interstate Highways
All limited-access highway entrances have three basic parts: an entrance
ramp, an acceleration lane, and a merging area.
When entering an interstate highway:
1. On the entrance ramp, begin checking for an opening in traffic. Signal
your intent to merge onto the expressway.
2. Increase your speed as the ramp straightens into the acceleration lane.
Adjust your speed so that you can safely merge into the traffic when you
reach the end of the acceleration lane.
3. Merge into traffic when you can do so safely. You must yield the right-
of-way to traffic on the highway. Do not stop in the acceleration lane
unless traffic is too heavy and there is no space for you to enter safely.
When leaving an interstate highway:
1. Get into the exit lane. Most exits are from the right lane.
2. Activate your turn signal to show your intention to exit.
3. Slow down in the deceleration lane. Check the posted safe speed for the
exit ramp.
4. Don’t make last-minute turns into an exit. If you pass your exit, you
must go to the next one.
Begin
signal
here
Check safe speed
Slow down here
DO NOT
exit here!
DO NOT
enter here!
DECELERATION LANE
ACCELERATION LANE
TRAFFIC FLOW
TRAFFIC FLOW
MERGE
RAMP
RAMP
Begin signal
here
Adjust to speed in
acceleration lane
25
ENTER INTERSTATE HIGHWAY
EXIT INTERSTATE HIGHWAY
36 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Interstate Safety Reminders
Plan ahead. Know your exits. In FL, they
match the mile markers on the highway.
Drive in the right lane and pass on the
left. While in the right lane, watch for
cars entering the highway. Adjust your
speed or move over so they can enter
safely.
Never drive across or park on the
median.
Never stop on the pavement, shoulder,
or connecting ramp except in an
emergency. If your vehicle breaks down,
you must move it completely off the
pavement . (No more than six hours.)
Don’t follow too closely. Rear-end
collisions are the greatest danger on
interstate highways.
Never back up on an entrance ramp or
exit ramp. The ONLY exception to this
is if you see a WRONG WAY or DO NOT
ENTER sign or red reflectors on lane
lines. You must back up or turn around.
Stop driving when you feel tired. Do not
risk falling asleep at the wheel.
Obey the Move Over law (page 44).
Parking
When parking on a public road,
move as far away from traffic as
possible. You must not park more
than 12 inches away from the curb.
If there is a roadside shoulder, pull
as far onto it as you can.
Always park on the right side of
the roadway unless it is a one-way
street. Park parallel to the curb in
the direction of traffic movement,
with right-hand wheels parallel to
and within 12 inches of the right
hand curb or side of roadway. Set
the parking brake and shift to Park
(automatic transmission) or Reverse
(manual transmission). Turn off the
engine and lock the vehicle. Florida
law requires that you take the keys
out of your vehicle before leaving it.
Always check traffic around you
before getting out of the vehicle so
you do not open your door into a
bicyclist or another vehicle.
Before you drive from any parked
position, make sure the roadway is
clear. Give the proper turn signal
before pulling away from the curb
and yield to other traffic.
Parking Lights
It is against the law to drive using
only parking lights (in place of
headlights).
Straight-in Parking
When properly parked, the vehicle
should be centered inside the
space with no part of the vehicle
extending out into the traffic lane.
Parking on Hills
1. Turn your wheels so that if your
car starts to move, it will roll
away from traffic or into the
curb.
2. Set the parking brake.
3. Automatic transmission: put
gear shift in Park. Manual
transmission: shift to Reverse
(downhill) or First (uphill).
4. Turn off vehicle.
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Downhill.
Turn wheels
to curb.
Uphill
with curb.
Turn wheels
from curb.
Uphill
no curb.
Turn wheels
to right.
It is against the law to park:
• On crosswalks
• On sidewalks
• In bicycle lanes
• In intersections
• On bridges
• On overpasses
• In tunnels
• In front of driveways
• By yellow painted curbs
• NO PARKING or DISABLED
PERMIT ONLY zones
• On the roadway side of another
parked vehicle (double parking)
• On highway pavement not
marked for parking
• Anywhere that blocks or creates
a hazard for other vehicles
• Or within:

◆ 15 feet of a fire hydrant.

◆ 20 feet of an intersection.

◆ 20 feet of the entrance to a
fire, ambulance, or rescue
station.

◆ 30 feet of a rural mail box on
a state highway (8 am–6 pm).

◆ 30 feet of any flashing signal,
stop sign, or traffic signal.

◆ 50 feet of a railroad crossing.
Backing Up
1. Check behind your vehicle
before you get in. Children and
small objects cannot be seen
from the driver’s seat.
2. Place your right arm on the
back of the passenger seat and
turn around so that you can
look directly through the rear
window. Do not depend on
your rear-view or side mirrors as
you cannot see directly behind
your vehicle. Don’t completely
rely on cameras/alarms; they
don’t always detect small
children and animals.
3. Back slowly; your vehicle is
much harder to steer while you
are backing.
4. Whenever possible, use a person
outside the vehicle to help you
back up.
38 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
6
The Official Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 04/23/18 39
SHARING THE ROAD
Sharing the Road with Pedestrians
It is the motorist’s responsibility to do everything possible to avoid colliding
with a pedestrian (person walking). When in a crosswalk or driveway,
bicyclists, skaters, and skateboarders are considered pedestrians.
Rules for Motorists
1. You must stop and remain stopped for pedestrians crossing a street or
driveway at any marked crossing, driveway, or intersection.
2. When entering or leaving an alley, driveway, or private road, you must
stop for pedestrians on the sidewalk.
3. Never block the crosswalk when stopped at a red light. Do not stop
with any portion of your vehicle overhanging the crosswalk.
4. Florida law prohibits you from overtaking and passing a vehicle that
is stopped at a crosswalk so that a pedestrian can cross the roadway. A
driver approaching a vehicle from the rear that is stopped at a crosswalk
must assume that a pedestrian may be crossing, even when none can be
seen at that moment.
5. Always stop before turning right on red and look both ways for
pedestrians in the crosswalk.
6. Come to a complete stop, yield the right-of-way, and use extra caution
when approaching:

◆ a visually impaired pedestrian who is carrying a white cane with a red
tip or guided by a service animal.

◆ mobility-impaired persons (using a walker, a crutch, or an orthopedic
cane or wheelchair) and pedestrians using a guide dog or service
animal.
◆ children or any obviously confused or incapacitated pedestrian.
Right-of-Way rules tell you who goes first and who must wait in different
situations. And while the law only says who must yield (give up) the right-of-
way, every driver, motorcyclist, moped rider, bicyclist, and pedestrian must do
everything possible to avoid a crash.
Rules for Pedestrians
1. You must not walk on the roadway if a sidewalk is available.
2. When walking along a roadway without a sidewalk, always walk on the
shoulder on the left side, facing traffic.
3. Cross the road at intersections or designated crosswalks. Crosswalks at
intersections may be marked or unmarked.
40 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
4. You must yield the right-of-way
to vehicles if you are crossing a
roadway at any point other than
within a crosswalk.
5. You must yield the right-of-way
to vehicles in the crosswalk if
the crosswalk signal is red or
displays DON’T WALK.
Pedestrian Safety Tips
• Never enter the street from
between parked cars. Always use
a crosswalk.
• Stop at the curb or the edge
of the road if there is no curb.
Look left, then right, then left
again for moving vehicles before
you step into the street.
• Be seen. Wear bright, neon,
reflective colors. Carry a
flashlight at night.
• Don’t text while walking.
• Avoid wearing headphones so
that you can hear the traffic
around you.
Sharing the Road with
Bicycles
In Florida, the bicycle is legally
defined as a vehicle and has all
of the privileges, rights, and
responsibilities on public roads
(except for expressways) that a
motor vehicle operator does.
Bicyclists may ride out of the bike
lane in the travel lane for their own
safety due to narrow roads, to avoid
obstacles or pavement hazards, or
to prepare for a left turn. A bicyclist
may use the full lane even while
traveling substantially below the
speed of traffic if the lane is too
narrow for both a car and bicycle to
share.
Unlike motorists, bicyclists may also
operate on sidewalks, but they must
yield to pedestrians on sidewalks
and in crosswalks.
Rules for Motorists
1. Florida law requires that you
give bicyclists a minimum of
three feet of clearance, and use
caution/slow speed when driving
alongside or passing them.
2. On a two lane road, pass a
bicyclist as you would a slow-
moving vehicle, and only when
it is safe to do so.
3. At intersections, always assume
that bicyclists are traveling
straight unless they signal
otherwise. Yield to bicycles
just as you would to any other
vehicle.
4. When crossing a bike lane
to make a turn, yield to any
bicyclist in the bike lane and
make your turn behind the
bicyclist.
5. Do not follow a bicyclist too
closely.
6. At night, avoid using high
beam headlights when you see a
bicyclist approaching.
7. Before opening a car door,
check for bicyclists who may be
approaching from behind.
8. Avoid honking your horn and
startling a bicyclist.
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............................................................................................................................... SHARING THE ROAD
Rules for Bicyclists
1. You must obey all traffic
controls and signals.
2. If you are not traveling at the
speed of other traffic, you must
use the bike lane, and if no bike
lane is available, you must stay
on the right-most side of the
road.
3. You are allowed to use the full
lane when making a left turn,
passing, avoiding hazards, or
when a lane is too narrow for
you and a car to share it safely.
4. When operating a bicycle on a
one-way street with two or more
traffic lanes, you may ride on
the left-hand side of the road.
5. You must use directional hand
signals to show other drivers
that you are about to turn. (See
page 29.)
6. Never attach yourself or your
bike to any vehicle on the
roadway.
7. If you are riding on a sidewalk
or crosswalk, you have all the
rights and duties as a pedestrian.
However, you must yield the
right-of-way to pedestrians and
must give an audible signal
before passing pedestrians.
8. Between sunset and sunrise, you
must have a white light visible
from 500 feet on the front of
your bicycle and a red reflector
and a red light visible from 600
feet on the rear.
9. Your bike must have brakes
which can stop the bike within
25 feet from a speed of 10 MPH.
10. All bicyclists and passengers
under age 16 are required to
wear helmets that meet federal
safety standards.
11. If you are transporting a child
under age four, or who weighs
40 pounds or less, you must
use a backpack/sling, child
seat, or trailer designed to carry
children.
12. You must not leave a child in
a seat or carrier when you are
not in immediate control of the
bicycle.
13. If you are riding with others,
you may not ride more than two
side-by-side unless it is a path or
part of a roadway reserved for
bicycles. You must ride single
file if you and the other rider are
impeding traffic.
14. Do not wear headphones/ear-
buds while bicycling on the
roadway.
15. Do not ride a bicycle when
under the influence of alcohol
or drugs.
Bicyclist Safety Tips
• No matter your age, wear a
helmet.
• Keep both hands on the
handlebars.
• On the roadway, check behind
you before changing lanes or
moving notably within the lane.
• Be seen. Wear neon or
fluorescent colors when riding
and wear something reflective.
• Don’t text while biking.
42 ©2018 Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Motorcycle Awareness
Motorcycle and moped drivers
have the same rights and duties as
drivers of motor vehicles. Riders
committing traffic violations may
receive citations.
Rules for Motorcycle/Moped
• You must be 16 years of age or
older to operate a motorcycle or
moped on a public road.
• If under 18, you must hold a
learner’s license for 12 months
with no moving violation
convictions prior to the issuance
of a Motorcycle Only license.
• Operators of motorcycles
must complete an approved
motorcycle safety course and
get a motorcycle endorsement
on their driver license or a
Motorcycle Only license.
• Operators of mopeds must
have the minimum of a Class E
driver license. No motorcycle
endorsement is required.
• Operators of motorcycles must
wear a helmet unless they are
over the age of 21 AND carry
a medical insurance policy
providing for at least $10,000 in
medical benefits for injuries.
• Motorcycles and mopeds:

◆ must be registered annually
and have the proper tag;

◆ must not be operated on
bicycle paths or foot paths.
• Operators of Motorcycles and
mopeds: do not have to carry
Personal Injury Protection (PIP)
insurance.
Tips for Motorists
• You must never attempt to share
the lane with a motorcycle. The
motorcyclist is entitled to the
entire lane.
• Watch for motorcycles and look
carefully before pulling into an
intersection or changing lanes.
• It is difficult to gauge the speed
of a motorcycle because they
take up less field of vision which
interferes with depth perception.
They may appear to be much
farther away than they really are.
• Do not follow too closely
behind a motorcycle; remember
that motorcycles have the ability
to stop more quickly than other
vehicles.
• Motorcyclists often slow down
by down-shifting or rolling off
the throttle, thus not activating
the brake light.
• Never pass a motorcyclist with
only a few feet of space. The
force of the wind gust can cause
the rider to lose control.
• When your vehicle is being
passed by a motorcycle,
maintain your lane position. Do
not increase your speed.
• Maintain at least a four-second
buffer zone between you and
a motorcyclist, and increase
space when encountering these
conditions: inclement weather,
gusty winds, wet or icy roads,
bad road conditions such as
potholes, gravel roads, and
railroad crossings.