GUN DRILL, 105
C3
ARTILLERY IN BATTLE

FIELD ARTILLER

(ENGLISH)



(This publication supercedes B-G

WA
ALTHOUGH NOT CLASSIFIED THIS
MAY BE EXEMPT FROM DISCLOSU
ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT. AN
CONTAINED HEREIN MUST BE CLO
WHETHER OR NOT THE PUBLICAT
RELEASED.
Issued on Authority of the Chief




B-GL-371-008/FP-001
mm HOWITZER,

Y
L-306-011/PT-001, 1974-01-15)
RNING
PUBLICATION, OR ANY PART OF IT,
RE TO THE PUBLIC UNDER THE
Y ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION
SELY SCRUTINIZED TO ASCERTAIN
ION OR ANY PART OF IT MAY BE
of the Land Staff
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
GUN DRILL, 105 mm HOWITZER,
C3

ARTILLERY IN BATTLE

FIELD ARTILLERY

(ENGLISH)



(This publication supercedes B-GL-306-011/PT-001, 1974-01-15)

WARNING
ALTHOUGH NOT CLASSIFIED THIS PUBLICATION, OR ANY PART OF IT,
MAY BE EXEMPT FROM DISCLOSURE TO THE PUBLIC UNDER THE
ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT. ANY ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION
CONTAINED HEREIN MUST BE CLOSELY SCRUTINIZED TO ASCERTAIN
WHETHER OR NOT THE PUBLICATION OR ANY PART OF IT MAY BE
RELEASED.
OPI: DAD 7
2001-05-21
Issued on Authority of the Chief of the Land Staff


Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
PREFACE
GENERAL
1.
This manual is written primarily for detachment
commanders and instructors. The duties of the Gun Position Officer
(GPO) are given in B-GL-371-004/FP-001, Duties at Regimental
Headquarters and the Gun Position, and are not described in this
manual unless a description is necessary to understand the duties of
the detachment.
2.
Maintenance which is part of detachment drill is described
in Chapter 7. For a general description of the howitzer and
ammunition, together with full details of routine maintenance and
the action of all working parts, reference should be made to B-GL-
371-009/Fp-001, Field Artillery, Handbook of Equipment and
Ammunition, 105 mm Howitzer.
3.
Throughout this manual, the term gun and howitzer are
synonymous.
4.
, , etc. are used throughout this manual to refer to specific
gun detachment members, i.e. Number 1, Number 2, etc., although
in a few cases this usage also refers to the guns themselves, e.g.  is
the Number 4 Gun. In the latter case, it will be clear from the
context that the reference is to the gun rather than to detachment
members.
5. This publication is available electronically at http://lfdts-6a.d-
kgtn.dnd.ca/ael/publications.asp?tab=370 on the Defence
Information Network (DIN) or at www.army.dnd.ca/ael on the
World Wide Web.

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Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
General ..........................................................................................i
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL DUTIES
Duties of
...................................................................................1
Duties of  ...................................................................................2
Duties of  ...................................................................................3
Duties of  ...................................................................................3
Duties of  ...................................................................................3
Duties of  ...................................................................................3
Duties of  ...................................................................................4
CHAPTER 2
GUN DRILL
Introduction ..................................................................................5
To Form Detachment Rear (or Front)...........................................6
To Tell Off....................................................................................7
To Change Round.........................................................................7
To Move the Gun..........................................................................7
To Mount and Dismount...............................................................9
To Clamp and Unclamp the Cradle ............................................10
To Open and Close the Breech ...................................................10
To Prepare for Action .................................................................11
To Come Into Action..................................................................16
Positions in Action......................................................................21
Passage of Orders .......................................................................22
To Direct the Movement of the Trails ........................................23
To Move the Trails .....................................................................24
To Run Up ..................................................................................25
To Lay in the Centre of Arc........................................................26
To Record Centre of Arc ............................................................30
To Record Centre of Arc at Night ..............................................33

iii
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
To Plant Aiming Posts................................................................33
To Plant Aiming Posts During a Night Occupation ...................35
To Check Bearing.......................................................................37
To Measure the Angle of Sight to a Crest ..................................39
To Load ......................................................................................39
To Unload...................................................................................44
To Lay ........................................................................................46
To Measure the Quadrant Elevation ...........................................53
To Fire ........................................................................................54
Misfires.......................................................................................57
To Record a Target.....................................................................61
To Check Firing..........................................................................63
To Stand Fast..............................................................................63
To Cease Loading.......................................................................63
To Make Safe .............................................................................63
To Rest .......................................................................................64
Stand Easy/End of Mission ........................................................65
To Take Post...............................................................................66
To Prepare to Advance (or Withdraw) .......................................66
To Empty Guns ..........................................................................66
To Cease Firing and Hook In .....................................................68
Drill With Reduced Detachments...............................................71
Drill With Damaged Equipment.................................................71
Precautions to be Observed When Firing Blank
Ammunition ........................................................................72
CHAPTER 3
ANTI-TANK DRILL
Preparation for Opening Fire ......................................................73
Application of Fire .....................................................................76
Anti-tank Laying ........................................................................82
Anti-tank Duties .........................................................................82
Anti-tank Gun Drill ....................................................................86
The One-man Lay Method .........................................................88

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Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
CHAPTER 4
LAYING
The Panoramic Telescope...........................................................89
The Elbow Telescope .................................................................91
Sight Setting ...............................................................................91
Choice of Gun Aiming Points 1 and 2........................................95
Point of Aim ...............................................................................96
Sequence of Laying ....................................................................98
To Change From One Aiming Point to Another.......................101
To Reposition the Slipping Scale .............................................102
To Complete a Deferred Centre of Arc Record ........................102
Night Laying.............................................................................103
CHAPTER 5
SIGHT TESTING
Notes.........................................................................................105
Types of Test ............................................................................105
Preparation for Tests.................................................................106
Periodic Tests ...........................................................................110
The Quick Sight Tests ..............................................................116
Bore Sight and Elevation Tests.................................................119
Zeroing .....................................................................................125
CHAPTER 6
MANHANDLING AND WINCHING
Introduction ..............................................................................129
Manhandling.............................................................................129
Winching ..................................................................................132
CHAPTER 7
INSPECTION AND PREVENTIVE
MAINTENANCE
General .....................................................................................135
Aims of Inspection....................................................................135
Inspection Procedure ................................................................135
Preventive Maintenance ...........................................................142

v
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
ANNEX A
DENIAL OF MILITARY EQUIPMENT
AND SUPPLIES TO THE ENEMY
Definitions ................................................................................147
General .....................................................................................147
Temporary Disablement ...........................................................148
Destruction ...............................................................................149
Reporting ..................................................................................149
Procedure..................................................................................149
ANNEX B
CONSTRUCTION OF GUN PITS
Basic Dimensions .....................................................................151
Method of Construction............................................................151
ANNEX C
THE GUN POSITION OFFICER'S
INITIAL SEQUENCE OF ORDERS
ANNEX D
FIRE PLANS
General .....................................................................................157
Preparation of Ammunition ......................................................157
Sight Testing.............................................................................157
Timings.....................................................................................157
Duties of
...............................................................................158
Gun Program ............................................................................159
ANNEX E
ARTILLERY SALUTES
General .....................................................................................163
Precautions ...............................................................................163
Preparations ..............................................................................163
Misfires.....................................................................................164
Drill for Misfires ......................................................................164
Drill for Jammed Cartridges .....................................................165
Fire Discipline ..........................................................................166

vi
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
ANNEX F
OPEN ACTIONS AND SNIPING GUNS
Open Action..............................................................................169
Sniping Gun..............................................................................172
ANNEX G
INFINITY AIMING REFERENCE
Collimator M1A1 .....................................................................179
Setting Up the Collimator.........................................................181
Record Centre of Arc................................................................181
Drill ..........................................................................................182
Laying.......................................................................................183
ANNEX H
FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR WHITE
PHOSPHORUS BURNS
General .....................................................................................185
First Aid Treatment ..................................................................185
ANNEX I
RADIATION AND POISONING
HAZARDS OF INSTRUMENTS USING
RADIOACTIVE LIGHT SOURCES
General .....................................................................................187
Safety Precautions ....................................................................187
ANNEX J
REFERENCES AND
STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENTS..189
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................191

vii
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1: Signals for Controlling Vehicle Movement ....................18
Figure 2-2: Signals for Directing Movement of the Trails ................24
Figure 2-3: Signals Used by  for Planting Aiming Posts ................34
Figure 2-4: Approximate Angular Values for an Average Hand .......48
Figure 2-5: Normal Indirect Laying Sequence ..................................49
Figure 2-6: Indirect Laying Sequence Using the Gunner's
Quadrant..........................................................................50
Figure 2-7: Two-man, Two-sight Method—Sequence of Laying .....52
Figure 2-8: One-man Lay Method—Sequence of Laying .................53
Figure 2-9: Summary of Causes of Misfires......................................60
Figure 2-10:
's Target Record .........................................................62
Figure 3-1: Initial Leads for a Crossing Target .................................78
Figure 3-2: Vertical Displacement in Feet per 100 Metres
Change in Range .............................................................81
Figure 4-1: Displacement Laying ......................................................97
Figure 4-2: Normal Indirect Laying Sequence ..................................99
Figure 4-3: Quadrant Laying Sequence ...........................................100
Figure 5-1: Sight Picture for Standard Angle Test ..........................116
Figure 5-2: The Target Testing Sight ..............................................120
Figure 5-3: The Elbow Telescope....................................................124
Figure B-1: Gun Pit Construction....................................................153
Figure C-1: The GPO's Initial Sequence of Orders .........................155
Figure D-1: Example of Gun Program ............................................161
Figure E-1: The GPO's Sequence of Orders for a Royal Salute ......167
Figure F-1: The GPO's Initial Sequence of Orders for an Open
Action ...........................................................................170
Figure F-2: Range/Elevation Table for Charge 7 ............................177
Figure G-1: Collimator M1A1.........................................................180
Figure G-2: Initial Alignment ..........................................................182
Figure G-3: Right Displacement......................................................184

ix
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL DUTIES
GENERAL
1.
The following summary of principal duties is not a
comprehensive list, but is intended as a guide to detachment
commanders and instructors.
DUTIES OF

2.

commands the detachment and is responsible for the
entire service of the howitzer. Normally
acts directly on the
orders of the GPO, but during anti-tank engagements is responsible
for fire control after the GPO has ordered "ENGAGE".
3.
When gun programs are in use,
controls the fire of the
gun in accordance with the written detail of the gun program, but
acts immediately on any verbal orders from the GPO.
4.

ensures that detachment equipment is, in all respects,
serviceable. Detachment members are responsible to
for the
completeness and serviceability of parts and stores which they
examine at preparation for action and examination of equipment.

reports any defects in equipment or ammunition to the GPO or
Troop Leader.
5.

ensures that the gun is, at all times, laid at the correct
bearing, gun correction and elevation, and checks that fuze and
charge are correct before loading.
6.

orders the gun loaded and fired.
7.

supervises the preparation and supply of ammunition,
and reports any unserviceable ammunition to the GPO.
8.

is responsible that the maximum protection is provided
for the detachment, consistent with the efficient service of the gun.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
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Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
9.
During pauses in firing,
supervises equipment
maintenance, and directs clearing up salvage.
10.
During firing,
watches the action of the recoil
mechanism, and corrects any faults as authorized.
11.
During firing,
ensures that the spades dig in evenly and
that they are evenly supported.
12.

arranges reliefs, and may order any member to rest if the
service of the gun can be maintained without them.
13.

is responsible for the following miscellaneous details:
a.
arranging camouflage as ordered by the GPO;
b.
recording details of the ammunition fired in each
series; and
c.
destruction of unused propellant charges on the
orders of the GPO.
DUTIES OF 
14.
 operates the breech and firing mechanism.
15.
 operates the right brake and ensures it is off before
travelling.
16.
 sets the elevation and gun correction scales, and lays for
elevation.
17.
During prolonged periods of firing,  cleans and lightly
oils the breech and firing lock as opportunity offers.
18.
 fires the gun on order from
.
19.
 operates the right axle lock and trail locking pin, and
ensures they are correctly positioned for travelling or firing.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
2
General Duties
20.
 is responsible for clamping the cradle strut before
travelling.
DUTIES OF 
21.
 sets the panoramic telescope at the bearing ordered,
directs  in planting aiming posts and setting up the collimator, and
lays for bearing.
22.
 operates the left brake and ensures it is off before
travelling.
23.
 operates the left axle lock and trail locking pin, and
ensures they are correctly positioned for travelling or firing.
DUTIES OF 
24.
assembles and sets up the collimator.
25.
assembles and plants the aiming posts, when ordered.
26.
affixes and orients the aiming post lights.
27.
During a fire mission,
will load, alternating with  and
.
DUTIES OF 
28.
, assisted by  and , prepares ammunition and loads
the gun.
DUTIES OF 
29.
, assisted by  and , prepares ammunition and loads
the gun.
30.
 lays the loudspeaker cable.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
3
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
DUTIES OF 
31.
 is the detachment Second in Command (2IC).
32.
 operates the fuze setters.
33.
 prepares the charge and sets the fuze, if applicable, for
all fire missions, as soon as the ammunition has been ordered.
34.
 ensures that the ammunition is kept clean, and is
protected from dampness and extremes of temperature.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
4
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
CHAPTER 2
GUN DRILL
INTRODUCTION
1.
General. For the convenience of instructors and
detachment commanders, explanatory notes are given at the
beginning of certain sub-sections of this, and subsequent, chapters.
During training, the contents of these notes should be explained
indoors, informally around the gun, before instruction in drill is
given. Before beginning instruction in gun drill, the instructor
should ensure that detachment members are familiar with the names
of the relevant parts of the equipment, and understand how they are
to be operated.
2.
Reduced Detachments. Drill with reduced detachments
should be practiced as soon as the detachments are proficient in the
normal drill. In the later stages of training, drill with reduced
detachments should be regarded as normal rather than exceptional.
3.
Orientation Definitions:
a.
When the gun is hooked into the vehicle or when
the gun has been unhooked, but the trail is not yet
lowered to the ground, the term "front" refers to
the direction in which the vehicle is pointing.
b.
When the trail is on the ground, the term "front"
refers to the direction in which the muzzle is
pointing.
c.
The terms “right”, “left” and “rear” are always
used in relation to "front" as described in
paragraph 3a.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
5
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
TO FORM DETACHMENT REAR (OR FRONT)
4.
Drill:
a.
On the order “DETACHMENT REAR (FRONT)”,
the detachment falls in, in two ranks:
, , ,
and  from right to left in the front rank; , 
and  in the rear rank covering ,  and 
respectively, with one space between ranks. They
dress by the right and stand at ease.
b.
With only six members,  takes the place
normally occupied by .
c.
At detachment rear, when the gun is hooked to the
vehicle, the front rank is three paces in rear of, and
facing, the muzzle, with
covering the right gun
wheel.
d.
At detachment rear, when the trails are on the
ground, the front rank is one pace in rear of the
lunette, with
covering the right gun wheel.
They face the breech.
e.
At detachment front, when the gun is hooked to
the vehicle, the front rank falls in three paces in
front of the vehicle, with
covering the right
vehicle wheel. They face the direction the vehicle
is pointing.
f.
At detachment front, when the trails are on the
ground, the front rank falls in three paces in front
of the muzzle, with
covering the right gun
wheel. They face the direction the muzzle is
pointing.
g.
When the gun is hooked to the vehicle, the driver
will fall in on his side of the vehicle in line with
the door.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
6
Gun Drill
TO TELL OFF
5.
On the order “TELL OFF”, the detachment commander
numbers "one" in a clear voice, the member on the right in the rear
rank numbers "two", the front rank member "three", and so on.
TO CHANGE ROUND
6.
Drill:
a.
On the order “CHANGE ROUND”,
takes one
pace to the left rear and one pace to the left. The
member on the left in the rear rank takes two short
paces to the front.
b.
At the same time, the remainder of the front rank
take two short paces to the right, and the remainder
of the rear rank two short paces to the left.
c.
When the detachment consists of six members, the
member on the left in the rear rank takes one pace
to the left and one pace to the left front.
TO MOVE THE GUN
7.
Notes:
a.
The drill described in paragraph 2 is used for
moving the gun on firm level ground, e.g. in gun
sheds or on parade squares. On uneven ground,
manhandling drill should be employed (see
Chapter 6).
b.
The order “FOR GUN DRILL, PREPARE TO
ADVANCE (RETIRE)” will normally be given
when the detachment is in its position at
detachment rear.
c.
If, after the gun has been moved to the front (or
rear), it is desired to move it in the opposite
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
7
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
direction, the order “HALT” and “PREPARE TO
RETIRE (ADVANCE)” is given.
d.
The order to move the gun is “WALK—
MARCH”. This indicates that there is no attempt
to keep in step. The gun is moved by  and 
pushing in front, or in rear, of the shield, with ,
, , and  on the lifting handles.
e.
When the gun is to be moved without the vehicle,
the order “RETIRE” means that the gun is to be
moved trails first, i.e. in the direction in which the
trail is pointing.
f.
On the order “ADVANCE”, the gun will be
moved muzzle first, with the trails at waist height.
8.
Drill:
a.
On the order, “FOR GUN DRILL, PREPARE TO
ADVANCE”, the detachment doubles to its
position,
, , , and  to the left of the
equipment, ,  and  to the right, as follows:
(1)
 and  take up their positions in rear of
the shield;
(2)

is positioned to best supervise the
movement of the gun;
(3)
, , , and  take up their position at
the trails, the highest numbers nearest the
lunette; and
(4)
the detachment stands at attention facing
the front, even numbers on the right and
odd numbers on the left.
b.
On the order “WALK”,  and  release the
brakes,  orders “LIFT”, and , , , and 
raise the trails off the ground.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
8
Gun Drill
c.
On the order “MARCH”, the detachment moves
the gun as directed by
.
d.
On the order “HALT”,  and  cautiously apply
the brakes,  orders “LOWER”, and , , ,
and  lower the trails gently to the ground.
e.
On the order “FOR GUN DRILL, PREPARE TO
RETIRE”, the detachment acts as detailed above,
except that all numbers face the rear, with  and
 in front of the shield.
f.
On the order “PREPARE TO RETIRE”, when the
detachment is facing the front, or “PREPARE TO
ADVANCE”, when the detachment is facing the
rear,
, , , , and  turn inward about,
while  and  move to the required positions at
the shield.
TO MOUNT AND DISMOUNT
9.
Drill:
a.
On the order “MOUNT”, the detachment doubles
to the vehicle, odd numbers proceeding along the
right side of the gun, even numbers along the left.
The detachment mounts and sits in the vehicle
facing inwards, as follows:
(1)
,  and  sit on the right, ,  and
 on the left, lowest numbers nearest the
tailgate; and
(2)

sits beside the driver.
b.
On the order “DISMOUNT”, the detachment
dismounts and takes up its position at detachment
rear.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
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Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
TO CLAMP AND UNCLAMP THE CRADLE
10.
Consideration. In order to avoid damage to the elevating
and traversing gears, the cradle must always be clamped before
travelling.
11.
Drill:
a.
To Clamp the Cradle.  unclamps the cradle
locking strut from the firing position and clamps
the cradle, assisted by  operating the elevating
and traversing gears.  must inform  in which
direction to move the barrel, e.g. "TRAVERSE
RIGHT (LEFT)", "ELEVATE (DEPRESS"),
"STEADY", "CLAMPED".
b.
To Unclamp the Cradle. , assisted by 
easing the elevating and traversing gears, releases
the retaining catch of the cradle locking strut,
swings it clear, and secures it in the firing position.
TO OPEN AND CLOSE THE BREECH
12.
Considerations:
a.
The breech block is held in the closed position by
the retaining latch on the breech block operating
lever.
b.
It is held in the open position by its own weight.
c.
When a round is inserted, the rim of the cartridge
engages the extractor and causes the breech block
to pivot on its axis, thus partially closing the
breech.
13.
Drill:
a.
To Open the Breech. With the left hand, 
grasps the spring loaded handle of the breech
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
10
Gun Drill
block operating lever, pushes down on the handle
to release the latch, and rotates the handle to the
rear, releasing the lever when the breech block has
reached its stops.
b.
To Close the Breech. With the left hand, 
grasps the spring loaded handle of the breech
block operating and rotates it in a forward
direction until the retaining latch is engaged.
TO PREPARE FOR ACTION
14.
Considerations:
a.
General:
(1)
The Command Post Officer (CPO) will
normally order “PREPARE FOR
ACTION” shortly before the guns move
into action to ensure that the equipment
is, in all respects, ready.
(2)
If time permits, and if the move into
action is expected to be short, the CPO
will normally order the quick sight test to
be carried out at this time.
b.
Cover Definitions:
(1)
The Overall Cover completely covers the
barrel group, recoil system, cradle, sight
quadrant mounts, and traversing and
elevating mechanisms.
(2)
The Breech Cover covers the breech
mechanism, sight quadrant mounts, and
cradle.
(3)
The Sight Cover covers only the
panoramic telescope and mount when the
gun is in action, to be used at night or in
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
11
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
inclement weather. It is carried in the
tool box.
(4)
The Quadrant Cover covers only the
range quadrant when the gun is in action,
to be used at night or in inclement
weather. It is carried in the tool box.
15.
Drill:
a.
Preparation:
(1)
On the order “PREPARE FOR
ACTION”, the detachment dismounts.
(2)
 and  go to the rear of the shield, 
on the left,  on the right. They apply
the hand brakes and unlock the axle, at
the same time checking the brakes and
axle locks for ease of working.
(3)
, , , and  go to the trails, odd
numbers on the right, even numbers on
the left,  and  nearest the lunette.
(4)
 removes the cotter pin from the towing
hook.
(5)
 releases the catch on the towing hook
of the vehicle, and orders “LIFT”. The
trails are lifted clear of the hook.  then
signals by raising his right arm or
reporting “CLEAR”.
(6)

signals (or orders) “ADVANCE”, and
the vehicle is advanced 5 metres and
halted.
(7)
 rotates the drawbar to the firing
position while the trails are supported by
,  and .
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
12
Gun Drill
(8)
 then orders “LOWER”, and the trails
are lowered gently to the ground.
(9)
 unlocks the trails and fits the
handspike into its socket.
(10)  and  take up their positions,  on
the handspike,  on the drawbar.
(11)
orders “SPREAD”, and the trails are
spread by  and .
(12)  and , working at the breech, and 
and  working at the muzzle, remove the
overall cover, if still fitted.
(13)  folds the overall cover and places it in
the vehicle.
(14)  locks the right trail in the firing
position and, assisted by , removes the
breech cover, placing it alongside the
right gun wheel.  unclamps the cradle
lock strut.
(15)  removes the muzzle cover and places it
on the right axle, and removes the elbow
telescope from its case and fits it.
(16)  uncovers the bubbles of the quadrant
mount, depresses the gun and opens the
breech.
(17)  locks the left trail in the firing position,
and assists  in removing the breech
cover and unclamping the cradle lock
strut.
(18)  fits the panoramic telescope and
uncovers the mount bubbles.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
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Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
b.
Examination:
(1)

examines the bore and recoil system,
and ensures that the detachment and
equipment are, in all respects, ready for
action.
(2)
 examines the range quadrant and sight
scale, the elbow telescope, elevating gear,
and the breech and firing gear.
(3)
 sets the elevation scale to zero and the
sight scale to 300.
(4)
 closes the breech after
examines the
bore, elevates or depresses the barrel to
the approximate travelling position,
covers the bubbles of the quadrant mount,
removes the elbow telescope, fits the
telescope in its case, replaces the muzzle
cover, and places the breech cover on the
cradle.
(5)
, assisted by , clamps the cradle lock
strut in the travelling position, and
replaces the breech cover.  then
removes the right trail locking pin from
the firing position and inserts it in the
travelling position.
(6)
 examines the panoramic telescope and
mount, sets the main scale micrometer
and gunner's aid to zero, replaces the
panoramic telescope, and leaves the
telescope mount upright.
(7)
 examines the traversing gear and
traverses the gun to the approximate
travelling position.
(8)
 assists  in clamping the cradle lock
strut and replacing the breech cover. 
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
14
Gun Drill
then removes the left trail locking pin
from the firing position and inserts it in
the travelling position.
(9)
 obtains the breech cover from  and
place it by the right wheel, and examines
the aiming posts, aiming post lights, the
right wheel and tire, and the collimator.
NOTE
To avoid damage to aiming posts when replacing them on
the gun, the posts must be positioned properly in the canvas
cover, and placed in the brackets with the cover flap
outward and towards the front.
(10)  examines the staff sections, and the
left wheel and tire.
(11) , assisted by , examines the stores
and sorts the ammunition.
c.
Assembly:
(1)
 is on the handspike,  the drawbar.
(2)

orders “CLOSE”, and the trails are
closed.
(3)
 locks the trails in the travelling
position and replaces the handspike on
the left trail.
(4)
 and  lock the axle locks in the
travelling position.
d.
Hooking In:
(1)
On completion of their tasks, the
detachment takes up position as follows:
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
15
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3

where he can see the detachment and
direct the vehicle into the required
position;  and  kneeling beside the
gun wheels, facing the rear,  on the
right,  on the left; and , , , and
 kneeling at the rear of the trails and
facing the rear, in line with the lunette
(odd numbers on the left, even numbers
on the right, highest numbers nearest the
lunette).
(2)

directs the vehicle into the required
position, and orders “HOOK IN”.
(3)
 orders “LIFT”. , , , and  lift
the trails.
(4)
 rotates the drawbar to the travelling
position.
(5)
 and  release the brakes and push on
the shield as necessary, and the gun is
hooked in.
(6)
 locks the catch on the towing hook of
the vehicle.
(7)
 fits the cotter pin.
(8)
The detachment then takes up its position
at detachment rear,
calls for reports,
then doubles to the CPO and reports any
deficiencies and the ammunition state.
TO COME INTO ACTION
16.
Considerations:
a.
When the guns are brought into action, the order or
signal “ACTION” will be given as the guns
approach the selected position. Each gun platform
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
16
will normally be marked by a flag or m

brings the gun into action with the te
mount directly over the marker. When
are not marked, the responsibility for ch
platform rests with
.
b.
If the position is to be occupied by the i
method, the guns will be halted under c
to the gun position, and
(and possibl
be taken to the gun position.
will be
platform and will reconnoitre the route
will then lead the gun into action as ord
Gun Position Officer (GPO).
c.
Although equipment is designed to with
use under service conditions, careful wo
driver and detachment can greatly reduc
of damage without loss of efficiency.
CAUTION
To reduce risk of an accident, no-one will walk back
when moving the trails.
d.
If the ground is difficult, the GPO/CPO
“NUMBER . DOUBLE-MAN NU
Any
may, at any time, order his deta
assist another detachment.
e.
The signals shown in Figure 2-1 are use
GPO/CPO and
for controlling the m
vehicles when coming into and out of a
Voice control is the simplest method at
B-GL-371-008/FP-001

Gun Drill
arker, and
lescope
positions
oosing the
ndependent
over close
y ) will
shown the
to it.

ered by the
stand hard
rk by the
e the risk
wards
will order
MBER”.
chment to
d by the
ovement of
ction.
night.
17
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3

Ser


Order
Signal
1

"ACTION”
The hands are clenched and the arms
extended straight to the front of the body,
facing the required bearing of fire.
2
“HALT”
Either arm is raised vertically above the
head.
3

“ADVANCE”
faces the driver, extends the right arm to
the front of the body, and brings the hand
upwards and towards the face, bending the
arm at the elbow.
4

“REVERSE”
places both arms in front of the body with
elbows bent, with palms upright and towards
the driver.
moves the forearms backward
and forward as
long as
the reverse
movement is required.
4

CHANGE
DIRECTION.

extends one arm, with the fist clenched,
in line with the shoulder, in the direction in
which the vehicle is to move.
Figure 2-1: Signals for Controlling Vehicle Movement
17.
Drill:
a.
The Approach:
(1)
Having received the order or signal
“ACTION”,
dismounts on approaching
the gun platform.
stands where he can
see when the gun is in the required
position, and can signal the driver that the
gun has been unhooked.
’s position
will normally be to the right front of the
towing vehicle.
(2)
When the gun is in the required position,

signals or orders “HALT” to the driver
and orders “ACTION “.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
18
Gun Drill
(3)
The detachment dismounts.
b.
Unhooking:
(1)
 and  go to the rear of the shield, 
on the left and  on the right. They
apply the handbrakes, unlock the axle,
and lock the axle locks in the firing
position.
(2)
, , , and  go to the trails, odd
numbers on the right, even numbers on
the left,  and  nearest the lunette.
(3)
 removes the cotter pin from the towing
hook,  releases the towing hook and
orders “LIFT”. The trails are lifted clear
of the hook.  then signals by raising his
right arm, or reporting “CLEAR”.
(4)

signals “ADVANCE”. The vehicle is
advanced 5 metres and halted.
(5)
 rotates the drawbar to the firing
position while the trails are supported by
,  and .
(6)
At ACTION REAR,  orders
“LOWER”, and the trails are lowered
gently to the ground.
(7)
At ACTION RIGHT (LEFT, FRONT),

orders “TRAILS RIGHT (LEFT)”, 
and  (or  and ) move around the
drawbar to avoid walking backwards, and
the trails are moved in the direction
ordered.  and  operate the
handbrakes as required. When the gun is
pointing in the direction ordered,

orders “HALT, LOWER”, and the trails
are lowered gently to the ground.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
19
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
c.
Positioning:
(1)
 unlocks the trails and fits the
handspike into its socket.
(2)
 and  take up their positions,  on
the handspike and  on the drawbar.

orders “SPREAD”, and  and  spread
the trails.
(3)
 locks the right trail in the firing
position and, assisted by , removes and
places the breech cover by the right gun
wheel, and unclamps the cradle. 
removes the muzzle cover and places it
on the right axle; opens the breech,
ensures that the sight scale is set to 300
and the elevation scale to zero; and
uncovers and levels the bubbles.
(4)
 locks the left trail in the firing position,
and assists  in removing the breech
cover and unclamping the cradle lock
strut.  fits the panoramic telescope;
ensures that the main scale, micrometer
and gunner's aid are set to zero; and
uncovers and levels the bubbles.
d.
Positioning Stores and Ammunition:
(1)
 and  remove the tool chest from the
vehicle and place it 5 metres in rear of the
left trail.
(2)
 and  unload the stores and
ammunition from the vehicle and place
them in a convenient position in rear of
the left trail.
(3)

signals the vehicle to “DRIVE ON”,
and the vehicle proceeds to the vehicle
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
20
Gun Drill
area under the supervision of the Troop
Sergeant Major (TSM).
(4)
 lays the loudspeaker cable, and takes
the gun marker to the command post
(CP).
connects the cable to the
speaker.
(5)

sets the respirator to achieve the
correct buffer action during firing.
Normal settings are: travelling and
washing—0; low angle fire—0 or 1; and
high angle fire—2 or 3.
(6)
 prepares the collimator and aiming
posts.
e.
Considerations:
(1)
On the completion of its tasks, the
detachment takes up its position in action.
(2)
When guns are to be fired at high angle,
recoil pits, at least 30 cm (12 inches)
deep, will be prepared. After the gun is in
the firing position, it will be elevated to
maximum elevation, and a recoil pit,
which will ensure sufficient clearance
throughout the limits of traverse, will be
dug. The pit should be covered with
planking or filled with sandbags when
engaged in low angle fire to facilitate the
loading of equipment.
POSITIONS IN ACTION
18.
Drill:
a.

kneels in a position to best supervise the work
of the detachment, usually in rear of, and close to,
the right trail.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
21
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
b.
 stands to the right of the breech, close to and
facing it, outside the trail.
c.
 stands on the left of the gun, facing the front,
and outside the trail.
d.
, , , and  kneel 5 metres in rear of the left
trail, and to the right of the tool box,  nearest the
tool box.
e.
The detachment stands as required to perform its
duties.
PASSAGE OF ORDERS
19.
Considerations:
a.
The guns in action are numbered
, , , etc.
from right to left as viewed from the rear. In case
of doubt, due to dispersed siting, the GPO will
allot numbers. In all cases, these numbers stand
throughout the action, regardless of the bearing in
which the guns are laid.
b.
Orders will normally be passed and acknowledged
through the loudspeaker system. If this fails,
orders will be passed by voice and acknowledged
as follows:
(1)

s that are visible from the CP shall raise
one hand vertically above the head; and
(2)

s that are not visible from the CP shall
report “NUMBER” ____ in succession
from the right.
c.
When orders are being passed by voice, each

will look towards the next
on the side away
from the CP, and will read back any orders which
are not immediately acknowledged. If
still fails
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
22
Gun Drill
to acknowledge, the order will be read back by the
GPO.
d.
Repetition of an order will be requested, or
attention will be called to omissions or obvious
verbal errors, by use of “VERIFY ______,” e.g.
“VERIFY BEARING”.
e.

will read back orders affecting the detachment,
in a voice no louder than is necessary, only when
the order has not been heard by the members
concerned or when specially detailed in this
manual.
f.
Reports from
to the GPO will be acknowledged
by the GPO raising one hand vertically above the
head, or by ordering “DOWN (NUMBER OF
GUN(S))”.
g.
Orders from the GPO always take precedence over
reports from
.
TO DIRECT THE MOVEMENT OF THE TRAILS

NOTE
Figure 2-2 shows the signals used for directing the
movement of the trails.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
23
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3

Ser



Order
Signal
Action
1
“TRAILS
RIGHT
(LEFT)”
Arm extended
towards the rear;
palm of the hand
turned in the
direction required.
 and  move trails in
the direction indicated
until the HALT signal is
given.
2


“HALT”
Fist clenched.
 and  stop the
movement and remain at
the trails.
3
“TAKE
POST”
Sharp tap on the
buttock with the palm
of the hand.
 and  steady the
trails until the brakes
have been applied, then
take up positions in
action.
Figure 2-2: Signals for Directing Movement of the Trails
TO MOVE THE TRAILS
20.
Considerations:
a.
When the gun is first laid in the centre of arc (C of
A), the traversing gear should be approximately
central. Thereafter it should not be necessary to
move the trails unless the traverse becomes
expended.
b.
When
considers that the movement of the trails
is necessary, he will order “TAKE POST TO
LAY”. If the trails are embedded,
must first
order “RUN UP”.
c.
Due to uneven ground or the gun being on a slope,
it may be necessary to brake one wheel, e.g. if the
trails are to be moved right,
may order “LEFT
BRAKE ON: TRAILS RIGHT”.
21.
Drill:
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
24
Gun Drill
a.
On the order “TAKE POST TO LAY”,  centres
the traverse, if necessary.
b.
 and  release the handbrakes.
c.
 and  take up their positions on the handspike
and drawbar, respectively.
d.
On the signal or order “TRAILS RIGHT (LEFT)”,
 and  move the trails in the required direction.
e.
On the signal or order “TAKE POST”,  and 
apply the handbrakes. The then takes up its
position in action.
TO RUN UP
22.
Considerations:
a.
The following drill is used for clearing the spades,
either at coming out of action, or when the limits
of traverse have been exceeded and the equipment
must be re-laid in a bearing beyond the limits of
the traversing handwheel.
b.
If the gun is loaded,
must order “MAKE SAFE”
before ordering “RUN UP”.
c.
If the ground is difficult, the GPO, section
commander, or
may order “DOUBLE MAN
NUMBER ”.
23.
Drill:
a.
On the order “RUN UP”,  brings the traverse to
centre.
b.
 and  release the handbrakes.
c.
 and  take up positions beside the right and
left wheels respectively, and push on the shield.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
25
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
d.
 and  on the drawbar, and  and  on the
handspike, heave upwards and forwards.
e.

coordinates their efforts by ordering
“TOGETHER: HEAVE”.
f.

orders “TAKE POST TO LAY” or “CEASE
FIRING”, as applicable, when the spades are clear.
g.
 and  apply the brakes if “CEASE FIRING”
has been ordered.
TO LAY IN THE CENTRE OF ARC
24.
Considerations:
a.
During training, before detailing the drill of this
and subsequent sections, the instructor will ensure
that members who are to perform the duties of
,
 and  are familiar with the drill for sight
setting and laying as detailed in Chapter 4.
b.
The GPO ensures that the original bearing to all
guns is in the direction ordered. This direction,
from which all subsequent bearings are measured,
is known as the C of A.
c.
When the individual angle method is to be used,
and if the passage of orders by voice is likely to be
difficult, the GPO will either:
(1)
order runners to be sent from each
detachment to the director (the drill as
described previously, except that all
orders and reports will be written and

will not call back angles to the GPO); or
(2)
pass the angles to the guns through the
loudspeaker system (the drill as described
previously,
calling the angles back to
the GPO through the loudspeaker).
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
26
Gun Drill
d.
When the individual angle method is being used,
and if time permits, the GPO will read back the
measurement of the angle to each panoramic
telescope once
has reported “NUMBER
FINISHED WITH DIRECTOR”. This repetition
will eliminate errors due to the movement of the
panoramic telescope during laying. If the GPO
finds that the original angle remains correct, he
will order “NUMBER : RECORD AT ”. If
a new angle is required, the GPO will order this
angle, and the drill as described previously will be
repeated.
25.
Drill:
a.
Individual Angle Method:
(1)
On the order from the GPO “AIMING
POINT DIRECTOR. NUMBER ”
(angle in mils),
reads back to the GPO
the angle ordered. If the repetition is
incorrect, the GPO orders the correct
angle again; if the repetition is correct,
the GPO will acknowledge.
(2)
 sets the angle ordered on the main
scale of the panoramic telescope.
(3)

checks the setting and orders “TAKE
POST TO LAY”.
(4)
 directs the movement of the trails until
the gun is roughly laid in its bearing.
(5)
On the signal or order “TAKE POST”,
the drill is carried out;  lays on the
director, reports “ON”, and
checks lay.
(6)
When laid,
reports to the GPO
“NUMBER : FINISHED WITH
DIRECTOR”.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
27
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
b.
During a Night Occupation (when aiming posts
are already planted):
(1)
Having received the angle to the aiming
posts from the GPO,  sets the angle
ordered on the main scale of the
panoramic telescope.
(2)

checks the setting and orders “TAKE
POST TO LAY”.
(3)
 directs the movement of the trails until
the gun is laid roughly in its bearing.
(4)
On the signal or order “TAKE POST”,
the drill is carried out.
(5)
 lays on the aiming posts making due
allowance for displacement.
(6)
When the gun is laid,
immediately
records C of A.
c.
During a Night Occupation (when aiming posts
have not been planted):
(1)
Having received the first angle to the
director from the GPO,  sets it on the
main scale of the panoramic telescope.
(2)

checks the setting and orders “TAKE
POST TO LAY”.
(3)
 directs the movement of the trails until
the gun is laid roughly in its bearing.
(4)
On the signal or order “TAKE POST”,
the drill is carried out.
(5)
 lays on the director, reports “ON”,

checks lay and, if necessary, illuminates
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
28
Gun Drill
the panoramic telescope by means of a
flashlight shining through the eyepiece.
(6)
When the gun is laid,
reports to the CP
through the loudspeaker, “NUMBER :
FINISHED WITH DIRECTOR”.
d.
Aiming Point Method:
(1)
On the order from the GPO, “AIMING
POINT”,
doubles to the GPO,
ascertains the aiming point, and then
doubles back to the gun.
(2)
The GPO orders the angle to the aiming
point and  sets it on the main scale of
the panoramic telescope.
(3)

checks the setting and orders “TAKE
POST TO LAY”.
directs the
movement of the trails until the gun is
laid roughly in its bearing.
(4)
On the signal or order “TAKE POST”,
the drill is carried out.
(5)

lays on the aiming point.
e.
Passing Parallel Line. Passing and receiving
parallel line from one gun to another is used when
a gun cannot see the director or vice versa. The
drill involves passing an angle from a gun that has
been laid in the C of A to a gun which could not
observe or be observed from the director.
(1)
The GPO will order “NUMBER ,
PASS PARALLEL LINE TO
NUMBER ”.
(2)

orders  to turn the head of the
panoramic telescope onto the telescope of
the receiving gun.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
29
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
(3)

checks the lay, opens the index door,
notes the reading on the main scale and
orders  to read.
(4)
 reads aloud the main scale reading and
if they agree,
adds or subtracts
3200 mils from the reading and passes the
resulting angle to the receiving gun, e.g.
“NUMBER FOUR LAY ON NUMBER
ONE AT 3245”.
(5)
The
of the receiving gun will read
back the angle and lay the gun in the
C of A.
TO RECORD CENTRE OF ARC
26.
Considerations:
a.
The GPO will order the original bearing to be
recorded as C of A. Three independent records
will be made as follows:
(1)
a record of the main scale reading to Gun
Aiming Point (GAP) 1;
(2)
a record of the main scale reading to
GAP 2; and
(3)
a record of the bearing of the C of A
ordered by the GPO.
b.
 will select GAPs in the following priority:
(1)
by day: collimator, aiming posts, close
GAP, and distant GAP; and
(2)
by night: collimator, aiming posts with
TRI-LUX lights, and night picket.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
30
Gun Drill
c.
As soon as all three records have been completed,

will report to the GPO “NUMBER _____
RECORDED”.
d.
If fire orders are received before the C of A has
been recorded, the GPO will normally order
"DEFER SECOND RECORD".
will then
report “NUMBER RECORDED”, as soon as
the detail of sub-subparagraphs a(1) and a(3) have
been completed and checked. When the record
described in sub-subparagraph a(2) has been
deferred in this way,
will complete this record
at the earliest opportunity without further orders
from the GPO.
e.
After the C of A has been recorded,
will direct
planting a marker in the C of A in front of the gun.
This marker will be used as an aid in measuring
bearings, and as a means of checking that the gun
is at all times laid at the correct bearing.
will
point out GAPs 1 and 2 and the C of A marker to
all detachment members.
f.
The records of the C of A will stand until
cancelled by a subsequent order from the GPO,
e.g. “RECORD AT ”.
g.
The original bearing in which the guns are laid
may be altered by the GPO by ordering a fresh
bearing, e.g. “BEARING : RECORD AT ”.
On the latter order,  will lay on the GAP at the
bearing ordered. The C of A marker will be
moved to correctly reflect the bearing C of A in
which all guns are recorded.
h.
In both cases
will order previous records erased,
and the drill as described above will be carried out
with the gun laid in the new C of A ordered.
i.
During the laying of the gun in the C of A, and the
recording of C of A, both the longitudinal and
cross level bubbles of the telescope mount must be
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
31
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
central, and the gunner's aid must be at zero. The
setting of the elevating knob of the panoramic
telescope and the elevation of the gun does not
affect the accuracy of this drill.
j.
Under no circumstances will
amend the C of A
record without orders from the GPO. Should it be
obvious to
that the C of A record is wrong,

will report the fact to the GPO, who will arrange
for a check, and order a new record made.
27.
Drill for Recording C of A:
a.
On the order “RECORD AT ”,
turns the
panoramic telescope onto the selected GAP 1.
b.
 records the ordered bearing on the record plate.
c.

orders “LOOK: READ”.
d.
 identifies GAP 1 by looking through and over
the telescope, reads the main scale, and records the
reading on the record plate.
e.
While  is recording this angle,
ensures that
the gunner's aid is set to 0, slips the slipping scale
to the bearing ordered, and checks that the
telescope is still laid on GAP 1.
then reads the
main scale, checks 's record, and turns the
telescope onto the selected GAP 2.
f.

orders “LOOK: READ”.
g.
 identifies GAP 2 by looking through and over
the telescope, reads the main scale, and records the
reading on the record plate.
h.

reads the main scale, and checks 's record.
i.

orders GAP 1.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
32
Gun Drill
j.
 turns the panoramic telescope onto GAP 1.
 reports the main scale reading, closes the index
door, and reports the bearing on the slipping scale.

ensures that these readings agree with the
records on the record plate; if they do not
takes
the necessary steps to correct them, and then
reports to the GPO “NUMBER _____
RECORDED”.
TO RECORD CENTRE OF ARC AT NIGHT
NOTE
For laying by night see appropriate heading.
TO PLANT AIMING POSTS
28.
Considerations:
a.
To reduce the danger of aiming posts becoming
obscured by the muzzle, they should be planted to
the left front or right rear of the gun.
b.

will order “AIMING POSTS FRONT (OR
REAR)”.
c.
To reduce risk of confusion, aiming posts should
be planted alternately to the left front and right rear
of the guns.
d.
When aiming posts are to be planted,
should
indicate to  where the near post will be planted.
The distance from the gun to the near post should
be approximately 50 metres; however, the distance
from the gun to the near post should equal that
from the near post to the far post, regardless of
distance.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
33
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
e.
Radiation Safety. See Annex I regarding hazards
from instruments such as TRI-LUX lights which
have radioactive light sources.
29.
Signals. Figure 2-3 shows the signals used by , their
meanings, and the action to be taken by .
Ser
Order and Signal
Action by

1
“MOVE IN THE
DIRECTION INDICATED”.
The right arm is extended
upwards to the right, or the
left arm extended upwards to
the left, the palm of the hand
in the direction required.
 holds the post upright,
clear of the body, and moves
in the direction indicated,
continuing until the
“HALT”.
2

“HALT”.
Arm dropped.
 halts and allows the post
to slip through the fingers
until the point rests on the
ground.
3

“PLANT”.
Both arms dropped from
above the head.
 presses the point firmly
into the ground, ensures that
the post is upright, and then
steps clear.
4
“MOVE TOP OF POST IN
DIRECTION INDICATED”.
Both arms extended above the
head and moved laterally in
the direction required.
 moves the top of the post
in the direction indicated,
continuing until the “HALT”
signal is given.  ensures
that the post is firmly planted
and then steps clear.
5

“PICK UP”.
Both arms extended to the
front and raised upwards.
 pulls the post out of the
ground and awaits further
signals.
6

“COME IN”.
Body turned in the direction
required. Both arms extended
above the head and lowered in
the direction required.
When at the far post, 
doubles to the near post;
when at the near post, 
doubles back to his position
in action.
Figure 2-3: Signals Used by  for Planting Aiming Posts
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
34
Gun Drill
30.
Drill:
a.
On the order “RECORD AT ”
will order
“AIMING POSTS FRONT (REAR)”.  obtains
the aiming posts and doubles to a position about
50 metres in front (or rear) of the gun as indicated
by
, and, as closely as can be judged, in the line
indicated.  plants the first aiming post, then
doubles a further equal distance with the second
post, and lines it up with the panoramic telescope
and near aiming post.
b.
 faces the gun and awaits further instructions
from . As soon as  has planted the near
aiming post,  turns the panoramic telescope
accurately onto it.  then directs the planting of
the far post exactly in line with the near one.
c.
 signals  to come in to the near post, to
straighten it if necessary, and then signals  to
come in.
d.

checks the alignment and ensures that the
gunner's aid is set to zero.
e.
 and
then complete the drill for recording
C of A, using the aiming posts.
TO PLANT AIMING POSTS DURING A NIGHT
OCCUPATION
31.
Considerations:
a.
During a night occupation, the C of A is recorded
by:
(1)
collimator;
(2)
two aiming posts with TRI-LUX lights;
and
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
35
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
(3)
night picket.
b.
The GPO orders the C of A to be recorded by
ordering “RECORD AT ”.
c.
To reduce the possibility of confusion, guns should
alternate the color arrangement of lights on their
posts.
d.
The light on the far post should be adjusted to
appear above the light on the near post. To
accomplish this, it may be necessary to remove the
top section of the near post.
32.
Drill. On the order “RECORD AT ”:
a.
 obtains the aiming posts and proceeds to a point
50 metres to the front/rear of the gun as directed
by
.  plants the first aiming post, fits the
appropriate light, and turns the light so that it is
facing the gun.
b.
 lays the graticule of the panoramic telescope on
the light of the first post and, as a signal to ,
momentarily turns the panoramic telescope light
OFF.
c.
On this signal,  turns the light through 3200 mils
and proceeds a further distance equal to the first
interval.  lines up the second post with the light
on the near post and the light in the panoramic
telescope.  then fits the other light, ensures that
it is facing the gun, and returns to the near post,
rotating the light on the near post so that it is
facing the gun.
d.

checks the alignment and ensures that the
gunner's aid is set to zero.
e.

and  then complete the drill for recording
C of A.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
36
Gun Drill
TO CHECK BEARING
33.
Considerations:
a.
The aim of the following drill is to ensure that the
gun is parallel to the director.
b.
The drill should be carried out:
(1)
as soon as possible after the C of A has
been recorded;
(2)
as soon as possible after the spades are
embedded by firing;
(3)
before the beginning of a fire plan;
(4)
at least once daily;
(5)
at first light following a night occupation;
and
(6)
when an error in bearing has occurred
which cannot otherwise be detected.
c.
The drill is accomplished by checking the guns at
the nearest 100 mils to the current bearing. It is
carried out by the GPO using the director.
34.
Drill:
a.
On the order “CHECK BEARING. AIMING
POINT DIRECTOR. CANCEL CONVERGE.
BEARING ” (to the nearest 100 mils),  sets
the gunner's aids to zero, sets the bearing and lays
on the GAP in use.
checks and  turns the
panoramic telescope onto the director.
b.

checks the lay and notes the reading on the
main scale and micrometer.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
37
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
c.

orders “READ”.  reads the main scale and
micrometer, and reports to
as a check.
d.
On the order “NUMBER ”, (gun)
reports
the reading “NUMBER , ______”, (angle read)
and the GPO reads back the angle.
e.
If the repetition is correct,
acknowledges. If the
repetition is incorrect,
reports the angle again.
f.
When the angle reported by
is correct the GPO
orders “NUMBER ______ CORRECT”.
g.

will order  to lay on GAP 1.
h.
When the angle reported by
is incorrect:
(1)
the GPO orders “NUMBER , (gun)”,
(new angle). This new angle will cause
the guns to be laid correctly in the current
bearing of fire;
(2)

reads back the angle to the GPO, and if
the repetition is correct the GPO orders
“NUMBER (gun) , RECORD AT
______” (current bearing);
(3)
at the conclusion of the check, the GPO
will give the necessary orders for relaying
the guns on the last target or the Final
Protective Fire (FPF) task as applicable;
and
(4)
the C of A marker will not be moved
unless a new C of A has been ordered for
all guns.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
38
Gun Drill
TO MEASURE THE ANGLE OF SIGHT TO A CREST
35.
Consideration. Immediately after the guns are in action,
the GPO may require reports on the vertical angle from each gun to
any crest visible from the gun position.
36.
Drill:
a.
On the order “MEASURE ANGLE TO CREST”,

assisted by  and  will lay on the crest
indicated by sighting along the bottom of the bore.
b.
 then sets the sight scale to 300 mils, cross
levels, and, by means of the elevation knob, brings
the longitudinal bubble into the centre of its run.
c.

reads the angle on the elevation scale and
reports to the GPO “NUMBER (gun) ANGLE
TO CREST ”.
TO LOAD
37.
Considerations:
a.
General:
(1)
The gun will not be loaded without the
order “LOAD” from
, except when
engaging tanks (see Chapter 3).
(2)
When a cartridge only is to be loaded,

will order “CARTRIDGE ONLY:
LOAD”.
b.
Rules.
will observe the following rules of fire
discipline in deciding when to order “LOAD”:
(1)
Rules applicable when impact fuzes have
been ordered:
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
39
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
(a)
A gun is initially loaded as soon
as a method of adjustment or
method of fire for effect (FFE)
has been ordered for that gun.
(b)
In adjustment, only the guns
ordered to ADJUST FIRE are
loaded.
(c)
Throughout adjustment, the
adjusting gun(s) will be reloaded
on receipt of an elevation or the
order LOAD from the GPO.
(d)
Guns will not be loaded sooner
than is necessary to maintain the
rate of fire ordered. After an
order for FFE has been carried
out, guns will not be reloaded
until the GPO orders a new
method of adjustment or FFE.
(2)
Rules applicable when time or CVT fuzes
have been ordered:
(a)
No gun will be initially loaded
until a method of adjustment or
orders for FFE have been
ordered for that gun, together
with a fuze setting.
(b)
Once having loaded, guns will
be reloaded as follows: during
adjustment the adjusting gun(s)
will be reloaded immediately
after the fuze setting and
elevation for each succeeding
round have been ordered.
(c)
During FFE the guns will not be
reloaded sooner than is
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
40
Gun Drill
necessary to maintain the rate of
fire ordered.
(3)
Rules applicable when time fuzes have
been ordered:
(a)
When the order “FUZE, M ,
IMPACT” is received, the rules
for impact fuzes are followed,
fuzes being set to safe.
(b)
When the order “TIME” is
given, the rules for time fuzes
are followed, fuzes being set to
burst in the air.
c.
Ammunition:
(1)
The preparation of ammunition is
described in B-GL-371-009/FP-001,
Field Artillery, Handbook of Equipment
and Ammunition, 105 mm Howitzer.
(2)
Throughout a fire mission, unless a
specific number of rounds have been
ordered, six ready rounds will be
available.
(3)
When time fuzes are ordered, fuzes will
be set only on those rounds which are
included in the method of adjustment or
method of FFE, as follows:
(a)
fuzes are set by ;
(b)

checks the setting of every
round before it is loaded, and
when ammunition has been
prepared in advance,
ensures
that the round is taken from the
correct stack.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
41
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
(4)
Except when engaging tanks the
procedure is as follows:
(a)

checks every cartridge before
it is loaded by receiving the
excluded charges from the
loading number to ensure that
the proper bags are enclosed;
(b)

periodically checks the bore
for residue and deposit on the
chamber wall, and orders it
cleaned when necessary.
(5)

should ensure that the gun is not left
loaded while the gun is hot. If orders are
received which will result in this

reports “NUMBER (gun) LOADED:
GUN HOT”. (A gun is considered hot
when it is painful to touch the barrel.)
(6)
As soon as the ammunition is ordered, 
prepares the rounds for loading.
(7)
Fuzes are not set until the method of
adjustment or FFE for that gun has been
ordered.
(8)
 sets CVT, time and impact fuzes to the
setting ordered.
(9)
 adjusts the charge to the charge
ordered.
(10) ,  and  load the gun on the orders
of
.
(11)
If difficulty is experienced in closing the
breech after the cartridge has been loaded,
the loading number obtains the extracting
and ramming tool, and endeavours to
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
42
Gun Drill
force the cartridge home. Should this fail,

orders “UNLOAD”.
(12)
On no account will an attempt be made to
drive the cartridge home.
(13)
If a gun is loaded with other than the type
of ammunition ordered,
will so report,
e.g. “NUMBER (gun) LOADED WP”.
The GPO orders “UNLOAD”, or issues
orders as to the disposal of the wrong
ammunition.
38.
Drill:
a.
Loading Drill with Impact Fuzes:
(1)
When the ammunition is ordered, 
prepares rounds for the charge ordered.
(2)
, alternating with  and , carries a
prepared round and excluded charges to
the gun to be loaded. The loading
number takes up the loading position
beside the left trail, halfway between the
spade and breech, facing the breech, and
clear of recoil.
(3)
At the appropriate moment
orders
“LOAD”.
(4)
The loading number hands the excluded
charges to
and calls out “CHARGE
____.”
checks the fuze setting.
(5)

orders “CORRECT” if the round is
correct.
holds the excluded charge
bags for that round until the round is
fired, and then throws the bags over the
right trail.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
43
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
(6)

orders “WRONG: CHARGE ” if
the charge is incorrect, and the next
loading number brings a correct round
forward. The incorrect round is returned
to  for correction.
(7)
The loading number, holding the round in
the hollow of the left arm, inserts the nose
of the projectile into the breech. With the
right hand clenched and positioned at the
base of the cartridge, the loading number
pushes the round home.
(8)
 closes the breech with the left hand.
b.
Loading Drill with CVT or Time Fuzes:
(1)

checks the fuze setting of the projectile
and reports “CORRECT” or “WRONG:
FUZE ”. If the fuze setting is not
correct, the next loading number brings a
correct round forward, and the incorrect
round is returned to  for correction.
(2)

orders “LOAD” and the gun is loaded.
TO UNLOAD
39.
Considerations:
a.
When a change of charge, or END OF MISSION
is ordered after the gun has been loaded,
orders
“CARTRIDGE ONLY, UNLOAD”.
b.
In the case of a change of charge,
then orders
“CARTRIDGE ONLY, LOAD”, unless the
complete round has been extracted, when
orders
“LOAD”.
c.
If, on extraction, the projectile remains in the bore
and “END OF MISSION” has been ordered,

B-GL-371-008/FP-001
44
Gun Drill
orders waste to be stuffed into the chamber and the
breech closed.
d.
When “MISFIRE” is reported, the drill for misfires
must be followed. A projectile must not be left in
the bore when the gun is hot.
40.
Drill:
a.
For Unloading the Cartridge Only:
(1)
On the order from
“CARTRIDGE
ONLY, UNLOAD”,  opens the breech,
taking care not to eject the cartridge
violently.
(2)
A loading number receives the round, or
cartridge, and returns it to .
(3)
If the cartridge only is ejected,
checks
that the complete cartridge has been
removed and orders “CHARGE ______
CARTRIDGE ONLY, LOAD”.
(4)
In the case of “END OF MISSION”, and
the projectile remains in the bore,

orders waste stuffed into the breech. 
closes the breech.
b.
For Unloading the Complete Round:
(1)
On the order from
“UNLOAD”, 
opens the breech taking care not to eject
the cartridge violently. A loading number
receives the round (or cartridge) and
returns it to . If the projectile remains
in the bore,  depresses the gun to the
horizontal.
(2)
Waste is stuffed into the chamber and the
breech is closed.  assembles the
rammer and staff,
inserts the assembly
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
45
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
into the barrel until the cup encloses the
fuze or until it comes in contact with the
projectile.
, assisted by , pushes and,
if necessary, taps the assembly lightly
until the projectile is dislodged. A
loading number receives the projectile
and returns it to .
TO LAY
41.
Considerations:
a.
The detailed drill for sight setting is given in
Chapter 4, which describes detachment duties for
each of the different methods of laying.
b.
Indirect laying with the range quadrant is the
normal method and is used unless otherwise
ordered.
c.
The complete orders and action for laying the gun
for the first round of a fire mission are given in
Figure 2-5. For subsequent rounds, only a few of
these orders will be necessary.
d.
When the trails are embedded, they should not be
moved if the target is within the scope of the top
traverse.
e.

ensures that the gun is always laid at the correct
bearing and elevation. As a rough check

therefore measures all bearings from the C of A
marker by extending the arm to its full length and,
using the hand, measuring angles (see Figure 2-4).
f.
 reports the actual setting of the sight and
elevation scales, whenever the settings are
changed, by reporting “GUN CORRECTION (OR
ELEVATION) ”.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
46
Gun Drill
g.

examines the setting of the panoramic
telescope, elevation scale, and sight scale
whenever he considers it necessary.
h.

determines the exact settings, or alternatives to
settings, to be applied to the sights in all cases
when these settings are not ordered by the GPO,
e.g.:
(1)
Elevations. When laying with the range
quadrant,  applies the gun correction to
the sight scale and the elevation to the
range quadrant scale. When laying with
the gunner's quadrant,
applies the
correction for index error to the elevation
ordered and sets the resulting elevation on
the gunner's quadrant.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
47
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
Figure 2-4: Approximate Angular Values for an Average Hand
(2)
Fuze Setting.
applies the fuze
correction to all subsequent fuze settings,
and orders the exact fuze setting to .
i.
When the gun is not loaded until  and  have
completed the lay, they will relay.
42.
Drill:
a.
Normal Indirect Laying. For normal indirect
laying sequence see Figure 2-5.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
48
Gun Drill
Ser


Order
Action
1

“CONVERGE”  moves the gunner's aid the number of
mils ordered.
2

“BEARING”
 sets the bearing ordered on the
panoramic telescope and lays for bearing.

checks the bearing by measuring from
the C of A.
3

“GUN
CORRECTION”
 sets the angle ordered on the sight scale
and reads back the actual setting on the
scale:
“GUN CORRECTION _______________”.
4

“ELEVATION”  sets the elevation ordered on the
elevation scale and reads the setting:
“GUN CORRECTION _______________”.
 lays for elevation.
 lays for bearing when all apparent
motion of the gun has ceased, and reports
“ON”.
 makes final adjustments and reports
“READY”.
Figure 2-5: Normal Indirect Laying Sequence
b.
Indirect Laying Using the Gunner's Quadrant.
For indirect laying sequence using the gunner's
quadrant see Figure 2-6.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
49
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
Ser


Order
Action
1

“CONVERGE
______”
 moves the gunner's aid the number of
mils ordered.
2

“BEARING
______”
 sets the bearing on the panoramic
telescope and lays for bearing.

measures the bearing using the C of A
marker.
3

“QUADRANT
LAYING
______”

obtains the gunner's quadrant.
 cleans the breech levelling plate.
4

“ELEVATION
______”

applies the correction for index error to
the elevation ordered and sets in on the
gunner's quadrant.
then hands the
quadrant to .
 reads the setting to
and hands it back.

holds the quadrant on the breech
levelling plates with the words "line of fire"
at the bottom and the arrow pointing
towards the muzzle.  lays for elevation.
 lays for bearing and when all apparent
motion of the gun has ceased, reports “ON”.
 makes final adjustments and reports
“READY”.

removes the quadrant from the breech.
Figure 2-6: Indirect Laying Sequence Using the Gunner's
Quadrant
c.
Open Action. This type of laying may be carried
out using either the normal two-man, two-sight
method or the one-man lay method. The
differences are described below:
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
50
Gun Drill
(1)
Two-Man, Two-Sight Method.  lays
for bearing and  lays for elevation in
the normal indirect manner (see
Figure 2-7).
(2)
One-man Lay Method.  lays for both
bearing and range (see Figure 2-8).
d.
Anti-tank Drill (Two-man, Two-sight Method).
 lays for bearing and  lays for range, using the
elbow telescope (see Chapter 3).
e.
To Change from Direct to Indirect Laying
During a Fire Mission:
(1)
When engaging a target by direct fire
(one-man lay method), the need may arise
to change to indirect fire.
(2)
Drill: On the order “INDIRECT”,

turns the panoramic telescope onto a
GAP;  identifies the GAP by looking
through and over the telescope;
slips
the slipping scale to zero;  and  lay as
for indirect laying.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
51
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
Ser


Order
Action
1
“FIRE MISSION
GUNS (number of
guns): OPEN
ACTION”
 sets the main scale and the
elevation index and micrometer of
the rotating head to zero.  cross
levels the mount.

checks the settings and slips the
slipping scale to zero.
 sets the sight scale to 300 and the
elevation scale to zero.
2
“REFERENCE POINT:
BEARING ______”
 sets the bearing ordered (on the
slipping scale) and lays on the
reference point, using the reference
point as a GAP. C of A is not
recorded.
3

“GUN CORRECTION
______”
“ELEVATION ______”.
 sets the angle ordered on the sight
scale.
 sets the elevation ordered on the
elevation scale and reads back the
setting: “ELEVATION ” . 
then lays for elevation.
4
“BEARING ______ or
BEARING RIGHT
(LEFT) ______”.
Corrections to bearing are applied by
. Bearings right (or left) may be
ordered if no confusion can arise.
Figure 2-7: Two-man, Two-sight Method—Sequence of Laying
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
52
Gun Drill
Ser


Order
Action
1
“DIRECT LAYING.
ONE MAN LAY”
 sets the main scale and the
elevation index and micrometer of
the rotating head to zero.
 matches the indices on the
actuating arm and rocker, and on the
end of the elevation worm of the
telescope mount, by means of the
elevation knob, and clamps them in
position.  cross levels the mount
and covers the longitudinal level vial.

checks the settings and slips the
slipping scale to zero.
2

“REFERENCE POINT
______”. “RIGHT
(LEFT) ______”.
“DESCRIPTION OF
TARGET”
 directs the gun at the target by
ordering “TRAVERSE RIGHT
(LEFT)” or by movement of the trails
if necessary, ordering “ON” when the
gun is directed at the target.
 satisfies himself that he has
recognized the target.
3

“RIGHT (LEFT)
______” (if necessary)
 sets the correction to the target on
the slipping scale of the panoramic
telescope.
4

“RANGE ______”
 reads back the range, lays the
correct range line of the reticle on the
target, lays, and reports “READY”.
Figure 2-8: One-man Lay Method—Sequence of Laying
TO MEASURE THE QUADRANT ELEVATION
43.
Consideration. During a fire mission, the need may arise
to change to laying by gunner's quadrant. The GPO will order
“QUADRANT LAYING: REPORT QE". The angle measured will
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
53
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
include the correction for index error. Therefore,
must
add/subtract the index error from the measured elevation before
reporting it to the GPO.
44.
Drill:
a.
On the order “QUADRANT LAYING: REPORT
QE”,  and  lay at the last bearing and
elevation ordered.
b.

places the gunner's quadrant on the levelling
plates of the breech ring and centres the bubble by
moving the arm and micrometer.
then reads the
setting and passes the quadrant to .
c.
 reads and calls out the setting as a check.
d.

adds/subtracts the index error from the reading
and reports the resulting angle as “NUMBER ____
QE ______”.
TO FIRE
45.
Considerations
a.
The gun will not be fired without the order
“NUMBER (gun) FIRE” from
, except when
engaging tanks (after the first anti-tank round has
been fired on the order from
), or when the
sentry fires the gun on an FPF task.
b.
Before ordering the gun fired,
must be satisfied
that his turn to fire has come, the gun is ready, the
detachment is clear of recoil, and the trajectory
will clear any crest or obstacle, such as a tree or
camouflage, close to the front of the gun. If
clearance is in doubt,
will satisfy himself that
the trajectory will clear such objects by looking
along the top of the barrel for bearing and along
the bottom of the bore for elevation.
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
54
Gun Drill
c.
The opening round of a fire mission will not be
fired until the GPO has ordered the method of
adjustment or the order “FIRE FOR EFFECT”.
d.
When “AT MY COMMAND” is in force, the
order to fire must come from the GPO.
e.
“AT MY COMMAND” remains in force until a
new fire mission is ordered, or “CANCEL AT MY
COMMAND” is given. When “AT MY
COMMAND” is in force and the order “FIRE
FOR EFFECT” includes more than one round, the
order “FIRE” authorizes all rounds specified to be
fired without further orders.
f.
Whenever the executive order to fire must come
from the GPO,
orders “NUMBER (gun) ”,
and then reports the gun ready, by raising one arm
if he is visible from the command post, or by
reporting “NUMBER READY” if he is not
visible.
g.
After the opening round of a fire mission, and
when “AT MY COMMAND” is not in force,

orders the gun fired as follows:
(1)
During Adjustment. Each elevation is
the order for
of the adjusting gun to
fire as soon as the gun is ready. When
“___ GUNS (NUMBER OF GUNS) OR
BATTERY RIGHT (LEFT) ADJUST
FIRE” is ordered, guns fire one round in
succession from the right (left) as
ordered. If no interval is given the
standard five seconds will be used. This
order should be coupled with AT MY
COMMAND to ensure that all guns are
ready.
(2)
At FFE. Each gun independently fires
the number of rounds ordered,

B-GL-371-008/FP-001
55
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
ordering “FIRE” as soon as the gun is
ready unless an interval is given.
h.
Interval. The interval is ordered in seconds, e.g.
“ELEVATION 350: THREE ROUNDS FIRE
FOR EFFECT, 60 SECONDS” or “ELEVATION
350: _____ GUNS RIGHT ADJUST FIRE,
10 SECONDS”.
(1)
At FFE the interval is the time between
the firing of individual rounds by any one
gun.
(2)
At battery right (left) adjust fire, the
interval is the time between the firing of
one gun and the next gun.
46.
Drill:
a.

orders “NUMBER (gun) ” shortly before his
turn to fire.
b.
 stands facing inwards and grasps the handle of
the firing lanyard with the right hand.
c.
 stands facing the front.
d.
The loading number kneels clear of recoil.
e.
The remainder of the detachment kneel at their
positions in action.
f.
At the appropriate moment
orders “FIRE”.
g.
 pulls the firing lanyard with the right hand, and
opens the breech with the left hand. (Care should
be taken when firing at high angles with extreme
left traverse.)
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
56
Gun Drill
MISFIRES
47.
Considerations:
a.
This drill is designed to disclose the cause of
failure to fire and to indicate the correct immediate
remedy. When this remedy is of a temporary
nature,
at the first opportunity carries out a full
examination and ensures that the defect is
corrected. In the case of defective ammunition

places the defective component at a safe distance
from the gun and, at the earliest opportunity,
notifies the GPO.
b.
Throughout the misfire drill, the detachment must
remain clear of the path of recoil. The detachment
and any cartridges must also be clear of the line of
possible flash when the breech is opened.
c.
Failures to fire can be divided into two main
classes depending on whether or not the firing lock
has been tripped.
(1)
If the Firing Lock Has Not Been
Tripped. The probable causes, the
immediate remedies and the subsequent
action where necessary are as follows:
(a)
The Gun is Set at Safe — 
opens the breech sufficiently to
clear the firing shaft, allows it to
move forward, and closes the
breech.
(b)
The Breech is Not Fully
Closed— closes the breech.
(c)
The Gun Has Not Fully Counter-
Recoiled— sets the gun to
safe.
ensures that the arm on
the firing shaft is behind the
trigger shaft. If the gun cannot
B-GL-371-008/FP-001
57
Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
be set to safe,
orders
“CARTRIDGE ONLY
UNLOAD”.
sets the
respirator to a larger opening. If
this does not remedy the fault,
the gun must be taken out of
action.
(d)
Defective Firing Gear—
fits
the spare firing lock or orders
“EMERGENCY FIRING”.
(2)
If the Firing Lock Has Been Tripped.
The gun is said to have misfired when the
firing lock has been tripped twice and the
gun has failed to fire twice. Due to the
danger of a hangfire, a pause of one
minute (30 minutes for blank) is then
made before the breech is opened to
investigate the cause. The probable
causes, the immediate remedies, and
subsequent actions, when necessary, are
as follows:
(a)
Primer Not Fairly Struck—this
fault is due to a broken or worn
firing pin.
fits the spare firing
lock, and at the first opportunity
examines the firing lock and fits
a new firing pin.
(b)
Primer Fairly Struck—
orders
“LOAD” or “CARTRIDGE
ONLY, LOAD”, as applicable,
and places the defective
cartridge clear of all personnel.
At the first opportunity,

examines the cartridge to
determine:
i

If the Primer Has Not
Fired—this may be due to a
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Gun Drill
defective primer or
insufficient striking force. If
the fault recurs, insufficient
striking force is indicated
and
fits the spare firing
lock. At the first
opportunity,  cleans the
breech and firing mechanism
and its recess, including the
firing hole.
ii.

If the Primer Has Fired—the
failure of the primer to ignite
the charge indicates either
defective propellant or
defective primer.
places
the defective component at a
safe distance from the gun
and at the earliest
opportunity, notifies the
GPO.
d.
As soon as the gun is again ready,
reports
"READY" to the GPO, or fires without further
orders as follows:
(1)
If gun programs are in use,
orders the
correct bearing and elevation for the time
at which he is ready, and continues the
program. Rounds detailed for the time
that the gun is out of action will not be
fired.
(2)
See Figure 2-9 for a summary of causes
of misfires.
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Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3

Failure to fireLock has not trippedLock has trippedGun setat safeGun notfullycounter-recoiledBreech notfullyclosedDefectivefiringgearPrimernotfairlystruckPrimerfairlystruckPrimernot firedPrimer firedExcessive orheavy oilBroken orworn firing pinInsufficientforce of blowFigure 2-9: Summary of Causes of Misfires
48.
Drill:
a.
If the gun fails to fire, and the firing lock has not
been tripped,
ensures that the gun is not set to
safe, the breech is fully closed, the firing gear is
not defective, and the gun is in full counter-recoil
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Gun Drill
position. If any of the above is found to be
incorrect, action is taken to correct it, and  again
pulls the lanyard.
b.
If the gun fails to fire, and the firing lock has been
tripped,  immediately pulls the firing lanyard a
second time. If the gun again fails to fire,

reports to the GPO “NUMBER (gun):
MISFIRE”.
c.
After reporting “MISFIRE”,
observes the
regulation pause of one minute (30 minutes in the
case of blank ammunition), and then orders
“CARTRIDGE ONLY, UNLOAD”.
d.

opens the breech carefully and
accepts the
cartridge (or round) and inspects the primer.
(1)
If the printer has been fairly struck

orders “LOAD” or “CARTRIDGE
ONLY, LOAD”, as applicable and sets
the offending cartridge aside for later
examination.
(2)
If the primer has not been fairly struck,

returns the cartridge or round to a loading
number and immediately orders the firing
lock to be changed.
then orders
“LOAD” or “CARTRIDGE ONLY,
LOAD”, as applicable.
e.

then reports “NUMBER (gun) READY” to
the GPO, or orders “FIRE”, as applicable.
TO RECORD A TARGET
49.
Considerations:
a.
A record may be required from each gun which
has engaged the target, giving complete details of
the final data. The GPO orders the target recorded
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Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
and includes the letters and number, e.g.
“RECORD AS TARGET ZP 1234”.
b.

records the actual settings on the sights, the
fuze and gunner's quadrant where applicable.
c.
A record is prepared by
on a Target Record
Form (see Figure 2-10).
TARGET RECORD (
TO GPO)
1
Target Letter and Number
ZP 1234
2
Number in Action
3
3


Shell
HE
4


Fuze
M557
5


Propellant
Dual Gran
6


Charge
5
7
Bearing (on sight)
3316
8


Convergence
R5
9
Gun Correction (angle on sight scale)
313
10


Fuze Setting
Delay
11 Elevation (on sight or gunner's quadrant)
442
12
Index Error Correction
---
Figure 2-10:
's Target Record
50.
Drill:
a.
On the order “RECORD AS TARGET ”,
of
each gun that has fired during the fire mission
inspects the ammunition and sights, and completes
a target record form.
b.

then calls for reports of the relevant details
from ,  and  and compares these with his
own record. Having corrected all discrepancies,

sends the target record to the CP.
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Gun Drill
TO CHECK FIRING
51.
On the order “CHECK FIRING”, all work on the gun is
continued, but the gun is not fired until the order “CANCEL
CHECK FIRING” is received.
TO STAND FAST
52.
“STAND FAST” is only used in connection with safety.
All action on the gun position will cease immediately and
detachment members will stand motionless. The order is cancelled
by “CANCEL STAND FAST”, which may only be given by the
originator of the “STAND FAST” order.
TO CEASE LOADING
53.
After the order “CEASE LOADING”, no gun will be
loaded until “CANCEL CEASE LOADING” or orders for a new fire
mission are received. The detachment continues its duties and any
guns previously loaded will be fired at the appropriate moment.
TO MAKE SAFE
54.
Considerations:
a.
The order “MAKE SAFE” is normally given by

, but is also given by the GPO when guns are to
be laid on their FPF task and left loaded.
b.
If the gun is loaded,
must order “MAKE SAFE”
under the following circumstances:
(1)
when the order “REST” is given;
(2)
when personnel are required to work in
front of the gun, or in the path of recoil;
(3)
if it is necessary to move the trails; or
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Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
(4)
when ordered to “MAKE SAFE” by the
GPO.
c.
“MAKE SAFE” is cancelled by orders for a new
fire mission or “CANCEL MAKE SAFE”.
55.
Drill
a.
On the order “MAKE SAFE” from
,  opens
the breech sufficiently for the trigger shaft to clear
the arm on the firing shaft, pulls the firing shaft to
the rear by means of the firing lanyard, closes the
breech, and releases the lanyard.
b.

inspects to ensure that the firing shaft is behind
the trigger shaft.
c.
On the order “TAKE POST”,  opens the breech
sufficiently to clear the firing shaft and closes it.
TO REST
56.
Considerations:
a.
When the order “REST” is given, detachments
remain at their guns ready to fire at short notice.

of a gun ordered to rest does not acknowledge
subsequent orders nor does the detachment follow
up fire orders. “REST” is cancelled by “CANCEL
REST” or by orders for a new fire mission.
b.
The guns must remain laid as last ordered.
57.
Drill:
a.
On the order “REST”,
orders “MAKE SAFE” if
the gun is loaded.
b.

orders any necessary work to be carried out
around the gun, and when the work is completed
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Gun Drill
orders “NUMBER (gun): REST”. The
detachment rest at its position in action.
STAND EASY/END OF MISSION
58.
Considerations:
a.
When the order “STAND EASY” or “END OF
MISSION” is given, the detachments concerned
are withdrawn from their guns to a position
previously ordered by the GPO.
of the
detachment(s) concerned does not acknowledge
subsequent orders.
b.
At “STAND EASY”
will order any necessary
work to be carried out. The gun must remain laid
as last ordered.
c.
When laid on an FPF task, it may be necessary for
the guns to remain loaded. In this case, the GPO
must order “LOAD: MAKE SAFE” before
ordering “STAND EASY”.
d.
“END OF MISSION” is cancelled by orders for a
new fire mission.
e.
“STAND EASY” is cancelled by “TAKE POST”
or by orders for a new fire mission.
59.
Drill. On the order “END OF MISSION” or “STAND
EASY”,
orders “CARTRIDGE ONLY, UNLOAD” if the gun is
loaded.
orders any necessary work to be carried out around the
gun. When completed,
orders “DETACHMENT REAR”,
marches the detachment to the stand easy position, and orders
“FALL OUT”.
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Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
TO “TAKE POST”
60.
Consideration. “TAKE POST” may be used by the GPO
or
when the detachment is required to resume their positions in
action. “TAKE POST” is cancelled by “STAND EASY”.
TO “PREPARE TO ADVANCE (OR WITHDRAW)”
61.
The order “PREPARE TO ADVANCE (WITHDRAW)” is
given as a warning that a move is anticipated.
will order
ammunition and stores not required for the immediate service of the
gun to be repacked. Preparations for coming out of action will be
made as far as possible. The guns must remain in action until
“CEASE FIRING” is ordered.
TO “EMPTY GUNS”
62.
Considerations:
a.
On the order “EMPTY GUNS”, any guns already
loaded will be laid at the last bearing and elevation
ordered, and will be fired. The order “EMPTY
GUNS” is in itself an order to fire, and no
additional order is required if “AT MY
COMMAND” is in force. Omission of this order
need only be verified if the gun is loaded.
b.
As soon as the gun is empty,
reports
“NUMBER EMPTY”.
c.
Ammunition which has been removed from its
container will be examined and if serviceable will
be dealt with as follows:
(1)
Time Fuzes. Set to safe and reinsert pins.
(2)
Impact Fuzes. Set to quick.
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Gun Drill
(3)
VT Fuzes. Set to safe, and if applicable
remove from projectiles and place in
containers.
(4)
Cartridges. Make up to charge 7.
d.
Unserviceable ammunition will be set aside and its
condition reported to the GPO.
e.
The following ammunition is unserviceable, and
will not be fired or replaced in the vehicle under
any circumstances:
(1)
fuzes which cannot be set to safe or
quick; and
(2)
projectiles from which VT fuzes cannot
be removed.
f.
At practice, defective ammunition will be set aside
for examination by an ammunition technical
officer.
g.
During operations, defective ammunition will be
dumped and clearly marked.
h.
The preparation of ammunition for return to the
vehicle is described in B-GL-306-015/MS-001,
Field Artillery, Volume 15, Handbook of
Equipment and Ammunition, 105 mm Howitzer C1.
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Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
TO “CEASE FIRING” AND “HOOK IN”
63.
Considerations:
a.
The guns must be empty before “CEASE
FIRING” is ordered.
will normally be left to
choose the most convenient direction for hooking
in. At drill, the instructor may order the direction
of hooking in.
b.
The signals which are used by
to direct the
movement of the vehicle are described in
Figure 2-1.
c.
When detailing the drill for “RIGHT (OR LEFT,
OR FRONT) HOOK IN”, the instructor will give
the complete detail, modifying the drill for "REAR
HOOK IN", as follows: As soon as the trails are
closed,
orders “TRAILS RIGHT (LEFT)”, and
the trails are manhandled through 1600 or
3200 mils in the direction required under the
orders of
.
d.
Due to the trails jamming against the axle on
uneven ground, it may be necessary to lift the
lower trail leg slightly on closing the trails.
64.
Drill
a.
Initial Action:
(1)
On the order “CEASE FIRING”,
sets
the respirator to zero, orders “RUN UP”,
and when the spades have been cleared
orders “CEASE FIRING”.
disconnects
the loudspeaker.
(2)
 and  remove the trail locking pins
from the firing position and insert them in
the travelling position.
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Gun Drill
(3)
 closes the breech, elevates or depresses
the gun to the approximate travelling
position, covers the bubbles of the
quadrant mount, places the breech cover
on the breech.
(4)
 covers the bubbles of the telescope
mount and traverses the gun to the
approximate travelling position. 
replaces the panoramic telescope in its
case, tilts the telescope mount fully to the
front, and assists  in clamping the
cradle lock strut and replacing the breech
cover.
(5)
 collects the aiming posts, if necessary,
and secures them on the right trail. 
packs up the collimator.
(6)
 reels in the loudspeaker cable.
b.
Preparing to Hook In:
(1)
 is on the handspike;  the drawbar.
(2)

orders “CLOSE” and the trails are
closed.
(3)
 locks the trails in the travelling
position and replaces the handspike on
the left trail.
(4)
 and  lock the axle locks in the
travelling position.
(5)
 secures the staff sections to the left
trail.
(6)
, , , and  place stores and
ammunition convenient for loading.
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Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
c.
Awaiting the Vehicle. On completion of its tasks,
the detachment takes up its position as follows:
(1)

to see the detachment and direct the
vehicle into the required position;
(2)
 and  kneeling beside the gun wheels,
facing the rear,  on the right,  on the
left; and
(3)
, , , and  kneeling beside the
trails; odd numbers on the left and the
even numbers on the right, highest
numbers nearest the lunette, facing the
rear.
d.
Hooking In:
(1)

directs the vehicle into a convenient
position for loading stores and
ammunition and then into the required
position.
orders “HOOK IN”.
(2)
 orders “LIFT”. , , , and  lift
the trails.
(3)
 rotates the drawbar to the travelling
position.
(4)
 and  release the brakes and push on
the shield, as necessary, and the gun is
hooked in.
(5)
 locks the catch on the towing hook of
the vehicle.  fits the cotter pin.
(6)
The detachment mounts without further
orders.
(7)

satisfies himself that the equipment is
ready to travel, mounts, and directs the
driver to the assembly position.
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Gun Drill
(8)
At drill, when no towing vehicle is
available, the detachment forms
detachment rear.
DRILL WITH REDUCED DETACHMENTS
65.
Drill. In action, detachments may be reduced by reliefs,
casualties or members employed on other details. With reduced
detachments the drill is carried out as far as possible in the normal
way, duties being combined as directed by
. The following
allotment of duties can be taken as a guide:
a.
With Six Members. The duties of  and  are
combined.
b.
With Five Members. The duties of ,  and 
are combined.
c.
With Four Members:
(1)

performs the duties of
and ; and
(2)
the duties of , , , and  are
combined.
DRILL WITH DAMAGED EQUIPMENT
66.
Consideration. Variations of drill are used in action when
damaged equipment cannot be replaced or repaired as follows:
a.
Damaged Range Quadrant. The gun is laid by
gunner's quadrant.
b.
Damaged Panoramic Telescope. The GPO or
Section Commander directs the gun onto the
required bearing by compass.
c.
Damaged Cross Level Bubble.  and  follow
the normal sequence of laying, cross levelling and
sights as near as they can judge by eye.
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Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
d.
Damaged Firing Gear.  attaches the firing
lanyard to the trigger shaft.
PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED WHEN FIRING BLANK
AMMUNITION
67.
Considerations:
a.
No officer, NCO, or gun number who has not
qualified in gun drill may command a section, or
form part of a gun detachment, firing blank
ammunition at salutes or during training.
b.
When firing blank cartridges, no gun will be
reloaded within 15 seconds of firing. Even after
this interval, no gun will be reloaded until
has
examined the chamber and bore and removed any
debris.
c.
In the event of a misfire, the normal misfire drill is
carried out, except that a pause of not less than
30 minutes must be allowed to elapse before the
breech is opened. No one will be in rear of the
breech when it is opened.

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Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3
CHAPTER 3
ANTI-TANK DRILL
PREPARATION FOR OPENING FIRE
1.
Considerations:
a.
In choosing the gun position, the GPO considers
its suitability for anti-tank defence, and sites
individual guns to achieve the best defence
consistent with the need for concealment, ease of
control, and the ability to carry out normal field
artillery tasks.
b.
In order to ensure an all-round watch for tanks,
and to provide a rapid means of indicating targets,
the GPO allots zones of observation to each gun.
c.
To provide a means of indicating difficult targets,
the GPO normally chooses one or two reference
objects in each zone and indicates these to
,
together with the name of each reference object
and the range to it.
d.
The GPO normally orders the maximum range at
which fire is to be opened.
e.
The GPO is responsible, when necessary, for
ordering special states of preparedness and for
general control of the troop’s fire, including
allotting targets to guns and giving the executive
order to engage targets.
f.
As soon as possible after coming into action,

ensures that the detachment knows the zone for
which they are responsible, the ranges to reference
objects, and the range for opening fire ordered by
the GPO.
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